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Fundamentals of Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction Engineering, authored by Shi Shidong and edited by others, was published in 2012. Overview: This book provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the latest research findings on the engineering fundamentals related to coal hydrogenation liquefaction. It covers topics such as the process involved in coal hydrogenation liquefaction, the rheology of oil-coal slurry, the reaction kinetics of coal hydrogenation liquefaction, the reaction engineering aspects of direct coal liquefaction, the properties of oils produced through direct coal liquefaction, phase equilibrium during coal liquefaction processes, process optimization for direct coal liquefaction, and the properties and utilization of residues resulting from direct coal liquefaction. \"Fundamentals of Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction Engineering\" is intended for engineering and technical personnel involved in scientific research, engineering design, and plant operation related to coal hydrogenation liquefaction processes, as well as for teachers and students in related fields at higher education institutions. Contents Chapter 1 Coal Hydrogenation and Liquefaction Process Introduction 1.1 History of Coal Hydrogenation and Liquefaction 1.1.1 Development of Foreign Coal Hydrogenation and Liquefaction Technology 1.1.2 my country’s Coal Hydrogenation and Liquefaction Research and Engineering Projects 1.2 Main Processes of Coal Hydrogenation and Liquefaction 1.2.1 Coal preparation and coal slurry preparation 1.2.2 Liquefaction unit 1.2.3 Circulating solvent hydrogenation unit 1.2.4 References for liquefied oil upgrading and processing Chapter 2 Coal for liquefaction, coal pyrolysis, solvents and catalysts 2.1 Molecular structure of coal and coal types suitable for liquefaction 2.1.1 Basic properties of coal for liquefaction 2.1.2 Petrographic composition of coal 2.1.3 Molecular structure of coal for liquefaction 2.1.4 Coal types suitable for liquefaction 2.2 Coal pyrolysis mechanism 2.2.1 Coal pyrolysis process analysis 2.2.2 Main influencing factors of coal pyrolysis 2.2.3 Coal pyrolysis mechanism 2.2.4 Coal pyrolysis model 2.2.5 Coal pyrolysis methane and hydrogen generation mechanism 2.3 The role of the solvent 2.3.1 The dispersion, swelling and dissolution of coal by the solvent 2.3.2 The hydrogen supply role of the solvent 2.3.3 The hydrogen transfer role of the solvent 2.3.4 The role of polar substances in the solvent 2.3.5 Indicators for evaluating solvent quality 2.3.6 Selection of starting solvent 2.3.7 Control of solvent quality and quantity during liquefaction unit operation 2.4 Coal liquefaction catalyst 2.4.1 Catalyst functions and types 2.4.2 Nano-type iron-based catalysts 2.4.3 Catalytic mechanism of iron-based catalysts 2.4.4 Shortcomings and improvement directions of iron-based catalysts References Chapter 3 Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction Reaction Mechanism and Reaction Kinetics 3.1 Early coal liquefaction kinetics research results 3.2 Recent kinetics research results 3.2.1 Initial reaction kinetics 3.2.2 Late reaction kinetics 3.3 Re-understanding of the transformation characteristics of coal during hydro-liquefaction 3.4 Shendong coal reaction mechanism and kinetics 3.4.1 Initial reaction kinetics 3.4.2 Late reaction kinetics of Shendong coal 3.4.3 Summary of Shendong coal reaction kinetics and verification of continuous autoclave 3.5 Reaction kinetics of asphaltene and pro-asphaltene 3.5.1 Hydrogenation conversion kinetics of asphaltene and pro-asphaltene 3.5.2 Condensation kinetics of asphaltene and pro-asphaltene 3.6 Simplified calculation of each product yield 3.7 Kinetics of hydrogenation and liquefaction of Shengli lignite 3.7.1 Kinetic parameters in the heating stage 3.7.2 Reaction kinetic parameters in the early stage of constant temperature 3.7.3 Reaction kinetic parameters in the late stage of constant temperature 3.7.4 Summary of kinetics of Shengli lignite 3.8 Application of kinetic research results 3.8.1 Calculate the conversion rate at the outlet of the coal slurry preheating furnace 3.8.2 Calculate the reaction conditions in the reactor 3.8.3 Theoretical guidance for process optimization References Chapter 4 Rheology of oil-coal slurry 4.1 The role of research on the rheology of oil-coal slurry in the coal liquefaction process 4.2 Basic concepts 4.2.1 Basic concepts of particles 4.2.2 Free settling velocity of particles in the fluid 4.3 Overview of the rheological properties of suspension 4.3.1 Overview of rheology and viscosity 4.3.2 Principles and test methods of rheological properties of oil-coal slurry 4.4 Main factors affecting the viscosity of oil-coal slurry under normal pressure 4.4.1 The influence of the particle size of coal and coal powder on the viscosity of coal slurry 4.4.2 The influence of solvent properties 4.4.3 The influence of coal slurry concentration 4.4.4 The influence of pulping conditions 4.4.5 Influence of other conditions 4.5 Viscosity of oil-coal slurry under coal liquefaction conditions 4.5.1 Overview of viscosity and temperature properties of coal slurry under liquefaction conditions 4.5.2 Determination method of viscosity of oil-coal slurry under high temperature and high pressure conditions 4.5.3 Effect of hydrogen partial pressure on coal slurry viscosity 4.6 Mechanism analysis of rheological properties of oil-coal slurry 4.6.1 Swelling and dissolution mechanism 4.6.2 Volatilization and concentration of solvent 4.6.3 The mechanism of the pyrolysis of coal on the viscosity of coal slurry 4.6.4 The mechanism of action of asphaltenes and pro-asphaltenes 4.7 Rheology of coal liquefaction residues 4.7.1 Basic properties of coal liquefaction residues 4.7.2 Non-Newtonian fluid properties of coal liquefaction residues 4.7.3 Viscosity and temperature changes of coal liquefaction residues References Chapter 5 Basic properties and composition of coal liquefied oil 5.1 Distillation 5.1.1 Distillation test method 5.1.2 Real boiling point distillation of coal liquefied oil 5.2 Density 5.2.1 Determination method of density 5.2.2 Density of coal liquefied oil 5.3 Elemental analysis 5.3.1 Determination method of elements 5.3.2 Elemental analysis of coal liquefied oil 5.4 Viscosity 5.4.1 Determination of viscosity 5.4.2 Determination of viscosity of coal liquefied oil 5.5 Surface tension 5.5.1 Determination method of surface tension 5.5.2 Surface tension of coal liquefied oil fraction 5.5.3 Correlation and estimation of surface tension 5.6 Specific heat capacity 5.6.1 Determination method of specific heat capacity 5.6.2 Determination of specific heat capacity of coal liquefied oil and its correlation with temperature 5.6.3 Estimation method of specific heat capacity 5.7 Saturated vapor pressure and evaporation enthalpy 5.7.1 Determination method of saturated vapor pressure 5.7.2 Determination of vapor pressure and its correlation with temperature 5.7.3 Estimation of vapor pressure of coal liquefied oil 5.7.4 Evaporation enthalpy of coal liquefied oil 5.8 Relative molecular mass 5.8.1 Determination method of relative molecular mass 5.8.2 Determination of average molecular weight of coal liquefied oil 5.8.3 Calculation of average molecular weight of narrow fraction of coal liquefied oil correlation equation 5.8.4 Comparison of calculated and experimental average molecular weight of coal liquefied oil 5.9 Critical parameters 5.9.1 Calculation correlation of pseudo-critical properties 5.9.2 Pseudo-critical properties of narrow fractions of coal liquefied oil 5.9.3 Eccentricity factor of coal liquefied oil fractions 5.1 0 Composition analysis of coal liquefied oil 5.1 0.1 GC/MS analysis of narrow fractions of coal liquefied oil 5.1 0.2 Analysis of phenolic substances in coal liquefied oil 5.1 1 Solubility of hydrogen in coal liquefied oil 5.1 1.1 Hydrogen solubility determination principle and experimental device 5.1 1.2 Solubility of hydrogen in coal liquefied oil References Chapter 6 Slurry Bubble Bed Reactor 6.1 Overview 6.2 Flow Characteristics 6.2.1 Flow Pattern Definition and Identification 6.2.2 Phase Dispersion 6.2.3 Measurement of Flow Characteristic Parameters 6.3 Interphase Mass Transfer and Liquid Phase Mixing 6.3.1 Interphase Mass Transfer: Liquid-side mass transfer 6.3.2 Intraphase mixing: Liquid phase mixing or dispersion 6.4 Modeling of slurry bubbling bed reactor 6.4.1 Modeling method 6.4.2 Model example 1: Performance of Fischer-Tropsch (F?T) synthetic slurry bubbling bed reactor 6.4.3 Model Example 2: Axial dispersion of liquid phase in direct coal liquefaction slurry bubbling bed reactor References Chapter 7 Introduction to coal hydrogenation and liquefaction loop reactors 7.1 Performance comparison of gas-liquid (slurry) reactors 7.2 Overview of the research status of loop reactors 7.2.1 Type characteristics of loop reactors 7.2.2 Determination of characteristic parameters of loop reactors 7.3 Fluid mechanics and transfer characteristics of loop reactors 7.3.1 Flow pattern of the loop reactor 7.3.2 Fluid mechanics cold model experiment of the loop reactor 7.3.3 Measurement of the transfer parameters of the loop reactor 7.4 Macroscopic mathematical model of the loop reactor 7.4.1 Macroscopic fluid dynamics model 7.4.2 Overall mathematical model of the coal liquefaction loop reactor 7.5 Applicability test of the loop reactor in the coal liquefaction reaction system 7.5.1 Flow characteristics of the loop reactor 7.5.2 Reaction effect of the loop reactor 7.5.3 Summary of test results of the loop reactor on PDU 7.6 Computational fluid dynamics model of the loop reactor 7.6.1 Two-fluid mathematical model 7.6.2 Turbulence model 7.6.3 Interphase force 7.6.4 Movement behavior of bubbles 7.7 Numerical simulation of the loop reactor 7.7.1 Separate calculation method of multi-fluid 7.7.2 Numerical calculation technology of loop reactor 7.7.3 Simulation results of multi-phase flow in loop reactor 7.7.4 Numerical simulation of gas-liquid mass transfer in loop reactor 7.7.5 Numerical simulation of coal hydrogenation and liquefaction loop reactor 7.8 Operation and operation of coal hydrogenation and liquefaction reactor 7.8.1 Temperature control of the reactor 7.8.2 Preventing the settlement of pulverized coal particles 7.8.3 Preventing the deposition and growth of solid minerals 7.8.4 Prevent coking of asphalt-like substances 7.8.5 Low-load operation of the reactor 7.8.6 Countermeasures for abnormal situations 7.8.7 Reactor start-up and shutdown References Chapter 8 Properties and Processing Utilization of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residues Introduction 8.1 Physical and chemical properties of the residue 8.1.1 Industrial, elemental analysis and basic physical and chemical property analysis of the residue 8.1.2 Pyrolysis properties of the residue 8.1.3 Gasification characteristics of direct coal liquefaction residue and its separated products 8.1.4 Hydrogenation characteristics of direct coal liquefaction residue and its separated products 8.2 Utilization pathways of direct coal liquefaction residue 8.2.1 Combustion 8.2.2 Pyrolysis and coking 8.2.3 Gasification 8.2.4 Hydrogenation and conversion 8.2.5 Direct coal liquefaction residue as road petroleum asphalt modifier 8.2.6 References for carbon material precursor