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Why is the alcohol content in hand sanitizers with disinfecting properties that are commonly available on the market usually 70%-75%? Ethanol is the main component that provides disinfection in hand sanitizers. 95% ethanol can rapidly coagulate the proteins in the bacterial membrane, forming a protective layer that prevents ethanol from entering the bacteria, and thus it is unable to completely kill the bacteria. If the ethanol concentration is below 70%, it can enter bacterial cells, but it cannot coagulate the proteins within them, nor can it completely kill the bacteria. Only 70%-75% ethanol is sufficient to enter the bacteria successfully and effectively coagulate the proteins within them, thereby completely killing the bacteria. Therefore, the WHO recommends ethanol with a concentration of 70%-75% as a hand disinfectant. 70%-75% ethanol is considered a hazardous material. Disinfectant hand washes also belong to the category of alcohol-based disinfectants. Interpretation of Export Clearance Requirements 01 Product Classification: Except in special cases, the following common disinfection products should be classified under the following tariff codes: Purpose of the product – Tariff code: Various disinfectants (retail): 3808940010; Medical use: 3808940010; Veterinary use (pre-measured): 3808940020; Other non-medical uses: 3808940090. Untreated ethanol with an alcohol concentration of 80% or higher (not for retail sale): 22071000; Untreated ethanol with an alcohol concentration of less than 80% (not for retail sale): 2208909001. 02 Prohibitions and Restrictions: For the vast majority of disinfection products, the Ministry of Commerce has not imposed any trade control requirements, and Chinese customs also does not require any specific regulatory documents to be checked at the ports of entry. It should be noted, however, that unmodified ethanol with an alcohol concentration of 80% or higher, under tariff code 22071000, falls under the regulation governed by Certificate G, namely the \"License for the Export of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies (Targeted)\». Exporting enterprises must apply to the authority authorized by the Ministry of Commerce to obtain such a license, which is required for exporting dual-use goods and technologies to specific **(regions). 03 Export tax rebates: Export tax rebate rates based on the use of the goods. For various disinfectants (retail): 13% for medical use; 9% for veterinary use in formulated forms; 9% for other non-medical uses. For unmodified ethanol with an alcohol concentration of 80% or higher (non-retail): 13% for veterinary use in formulated forms. For unmodified ethanol with an alcohol concentration of less than 80% (non-retail): 13% for veterinary use in formulated forms. Market access requirements in different countries: Hazardous goods are classified primarily in accordance with the United Nations’ Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and depending on the mode of transport, they must also comply with requirements such as the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) and the International Air Transport Association’s Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods (IATA DRG). The United States: Chemicals exported to the United States must comply with the requirements of the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for the classification, labeling, and safety data sheets of chemical substances in the workplace; hazardous chemicals must also comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) issued by it. Additionally, in the United States, hand sanitizers that do not require washing are considered over-the-counter (OTC) products for local disinfection, and like shampoos for dandruff, fluoride toothpaste, sunscreen, and other similar products, they are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To export hand sanitizers without rinsing to the United States, FDA approval is also required. In the EU, all substances and mixtures must be classified, labeled, and packaged in accordance with the Regulation on the Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP Regulation), and they must also obtain EU CE certification. In Japan, hazardous materials must comply with the requirements set out in the Chemical Substances Control Law, also known as CSCL, which is enforced by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and the Ministry of the Environment, as well as standards such as JIS 7253 for the transmission of chemical information. In South Korea, compliance is required under the Act on Registration and Evaluation of Chemical Substances (K-REACH); this act, also referred to as the Chemical Evaluation Act, came into effect on January 1, 2015. K-REACH applies registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction requirements similar to those of the EU’s REACH regulation to manage new chemical substances, existing chemical substances, and downstream products; for chemical suppliers outside South Korea, the law also requires them to complete registration through a single representative (OR) in South Korea. Essential documents for hand sanitizer exports: 1) Product technical manual 2) MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet 3) Proof of hazardous material packaging (hazardous packaging certificate or proof of limited packaging) 4) Certificate for limited quantities of hazardous goods (required when shipping in limited quantities) 5) Explanation regarding the authorization for declaration within limited quantities (required when shipping in limited quantities)