The principle of mechanical seals
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The more detailed the explanation of the principle and function of mechanical seals, the better
The main concept is to convert the shaft seal into a radial seal, which is achieved using a static ring, a dynamic ring, and springs, etc. There are single-face and double-face seals of this type; detailed structural diagrams can be found in textbooks on chemical engineering principles, so you might want to take a look at those. Or search on Baidu.
Think of the moving ring and the stationary ring as two mirrors； If two mirrors are in contact with each other and there is water in between... that's it
Search on Baidu – there’s a lot of information available!
It’s a very basic question, but for beginners, it remains a complex one.
Two end faces are brought infinitely close to each other, resulting in surface tension
Now find a picture to study carefully, and then look into related things. It's hard to explain clearly in words