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This post was last edited by sdwfsgyykai on 2019-12-1 15:05. When we are used to measuring oil in barrels, do we know exactly how much oil is in one barrel? How many barrels of crude oil are consumed globally each day, and what is the total annual consumption? Next, I will provide you with some basic information about oil. In addition to the globally used units for measuring oil, such as tons and barrels, there are also liters and gallons. Different regions have different conventions; in our country, liters are commonly used as the basic unit of measurement for oil, while in the United States and Europe, gallons are used (1 US gallon = 3.785 liters, 1 British gallon = 4.546 liters). 1 barrel (bbl) = 42 gallons (US) = 159 liters (l) = 0.159 cubic meters (m3). 1 ton (t) = 7.35 barrels (bbl) (average globally) = 1174 liters. 1 barrel (bbl) = 0.137 tons (t) = 137 kilograms (kg) (average globally). The density of oil ranges from 0.8 to 1.0 kg/liter, so the weight of one barrel of oil varies as well. It’s around 128-142 kilograms. 1 liter (l) = 0.246 gallons (Gal). 1 kilogram = 0.3055 gallons (US)/0.2545 gallons (UK). The world’s proven oil reserves amount to 1.8 trillion barrels. The global daily oil consumption has reached about 71 million barrels, so over a year of 365 days, that amounts to approximately 2,591,500 million barrels. We live in an energy society today, and most of the energy used is non-renewable. As for how oil is formed, there are currently four theories in society: 1. The inorganic origin theory. In 1876, Mendeleev proposed that Earth is rich in iron and carbon; during the early stages of Earth’s formation, large amounts of iron carbide may have been formed, which later reacted with superheated groundwater to produce hydrocarbons, and these hydrocarbons are similar to oil. The hydrocarbons formed rise along crustal fractures to appropriate locations where they condense and accumulate, forming oil deposits. During this period, astronomers used spectral analysis to discover the presence of hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of certain planets in the solar system as well as in the nuclei of comets. They are clearly unrelated to biological effects. The Russian Sokolov put forward the \"cosmic theory\" of petroleum origin in 1889, suggesting that when the Earth was initially in a molten state, it absorbed hydrocarbons from the primitive atmosphere. As the Earth continued to cool, the absorbed hydrocarbons gradually condensed and were buried in the Earth’s crust to form oil. Opponents argue that the atmospheric composition at the time of Earth’s formation was similar to that of the modern atmosphere, so it is impossible for there to have been large amounts of hydrocarbons ； If any did exist, a planet in a molten state under high temperatures would have long since broken apart. 2: The organic origin theory – In 1888, Geffrard believed that all oil was formed from the fats of marine organisms through a series of transformations. Soon after, others proposed the idea that plant debris in lakes or the seabed, under the influence of factors such as temperature and pressure, generates organic matter, which is then converted into oil; some emphasized the importance of marine plants, while others argued that terrestrial plants are more conducive to oil formation. 3: The theory of mixed origin of animals and plants. In the 1930s, Soviet scientist Gubkin put forward the \"theory of mixed origin of animals and plants,\" suggesting that mixtures of animals and plants, through a series of transformations, are more conducive to the formation of oil. The latest theory on the organic origin of petroleum suggests that the organisms that give rise to petroleum and natural gas include both terrestrial and aquatic organisms, with plankton being the most abundant. Together with sediment and other minerals, they settle in low-lying shallow seas, bays, or lakes, first forming organic silt. This organic silt is covered by further sediment, creating a reduced environment isolated from air. As low-lying areas continue to sink and sediment layers keep thickening, the pressure and temperature on the organic sludge also increase. Through stages such as biochemical processes, thermal catalysis, thermal cracking, and high-temperature reactions, it gradually transforms into oil and natural gas. 4: The molecular origin theory – In the 1940s and 1950s, it was generally believed that petroleum hydrocarbons were formed from dispersed organic matter in sedimentary rocks during the early stages of diagenesis. Hydrocarbons formed almost simultaneously with the sediments have been discovered in modern sediments, and on this basis the theory of early oil formation of organic origin was proposed, also known as the \"molecular oil generation theory\". In the 1960s, the late-stage oil generation theory replaced the molecular oil generation theory. The late oil generation theory holds that when sediments are buried at greater depths, during the later stages of diagenesis, the insoluble organic material contained in the rocks – kerogen – reaches a temperature sufficient for thermal decomposition, thereby producing oil; hence it is also known as the \"kerogen-based oil generation theory\". Today, I have summarized for everyone the conversion methods between various petroleum measurement units as well as the four theories regarding the origin of petroleum. That’s all for this summary of little facts about oil; I hope it will be helpful to everyone.