Common flow rate range for media

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For pipelines that are shorter in length and smaller in diameter, their diameter can generally be calculated using the standard flow velocity. d=1.3×(W/V)1/2 Where: d----diameter of the pipe, in meters ； w----volumetric flow rate m3/s ； v----Typical flow velocity, in m/s. Range of typical flow velocities for different media: Type of medium, type of pipeline, and operating conditions – flow velocity range (m/s). Water and liquids with viscosity similar to that of water: p=0.1～0.3 MPa (gauge pressure): 0.5～2; p≤1 MPa (gauge pressure): 0.5～3; p≤8 MPa (gauge pressure): 2～3; p≤20～30 MPa (gauge pressure): 2～3.5. Heat network circulating water, cooling water: 0.5～1. Pressure return water: 0.5～2. Non-pressure return water: 0.5～1.2. Tap water: p=0.3 MPa (gauge pressure); main pipes: 1.5～3.5; branch pipes: 1.0～1.5. Boiler feedwater: p＞0.8 MPa (gauge pressure): ＞3.0. Condensate flowing under its own weight: 0.2～0.5. Steam condensate: 0.5～1.5. Superheated steam: 2. Seawater, slightly alkaline water: p＜0.6 MPa (gauge pressure): 1.5～2.5. Saturated steam: DN＞200 mm: 30～40; DN=200～100 mm: 25～35; DN＜100 mm: 15～30. Steam: p＞1 MPa (absolute pressure): 15～20; p=1～4 MPa (absolute pressure): 20～40; p=4～12 MPa (absolute pressure): 40～60. Superheated steam: DN＞200 mm: 40～60; DN=200～100 mm: 30～50; DN＜100 mm: 20～40. When secondary steam is utilized: 15～30; when not utilized: 60. Compressed gases: Vacuum: 5～10; p≤0.3 MPa (gauge pressure): 8～12; p=0.3～0.6 MPa (gauge pressure): 10～20; p=0.6～1 MPa (gauge pressure): 10～15; p=1～2 MPa (gauge pressure): 8～12; p=2～3 MPa (gauge pressure): 3～6; p=3～30 MPa (gauge pressure): 0.5～3. Gas pipelines with a length of 50～100 m: p≤0.03 MPa: 0.75～3; p≤0.3 MPa: 8～12; p≤0.8 MPa: 3～12. Semi-water gas: p=0.1～0.15 MPa (gauge pressure): 10～15. Natural gas: 30. Gas pipelines inside flues: 3～4; inside chimneys: 3～6. Oxygen: p=0～0.05 MPa (gauge pressure): 5～10; p=0.05～0.6 MPa (gauge pressure): 7～8; p=0.6～1 MPa (gauge pressure): 4～6; p=1～2 MPa (gauge pressure): p=2～3 MPa (gauge pressure): 3～4. Nitrogen: p=5～10 MPa (absolute pressure): 2～5. Shift gas: p=0.1～2 MPa (absolute pressure): 10～15. Nitrogen-hydrogen mixture: p=20～30 MPa (absolute pressure): 5～10. Ammonia: Vacuum: 15～25; p＜0.3 MPa (gauge pressure): 8～15; p＜0.6 MPa (gauge pressure): 10～20; p≤2 MPa (gauge pressure): 3～8. Ethylene gas: p=22 MPa (gauge pressure): 30; p=150 Pa (gauge pressure): 5～6. Acetylene gas: p＜0.01 MPa (gauge pressure): 3～4; p＜0.15 MPa (gauge pressure): 4～8; p＜2.5 MPa (gauge pressure): 2～5. Liquid ammonia: Vacuum: 0.05～0.3; p≤0.6 MPa (gauge pressure): 0.3～0.8; p≤2.5 MPa (gauge pressure): 0.8～1.5. Sulfuric acid (88%～100%): 1.2. Hydrochloric acid: 1.5. Wastewater: 0.4～0.8. Oils and liquids with viscosity similar to oils: 0.5～2. Oils and liquids with high viscosity: Viscosity: 50×10^-3 Pa·s; DN25: 0.5～0.9; DN50: 0.7～1; DN100: 1.0～1.6. Viscosity: 0.1 Pa·s; DN25: 0.1～0.2; DN50: 0.16～0.25; DN100: 0.25～0.35; DN200: 0.35～0.55. Gas blower inlet pipe: 10～15; outlet pipe: 15～20. Compressor inlet pipe: 10～20; compressor outlet pipe: p＜1 MPa: 8～10; p=1～10 MPa: 10～20; P≥10 MPa: 8～12. Reciprocating pump inlet pipe: 0.5～1.5; outlet pipe: 1～2. Oil-sealed vacuum pump inlet pipe: 10～13. Water and liquids with viscosity similar to water: Reciprocating pump inlet pipe: 0.5～1.5; outlet pipe: 1～2. Centrifugal pump inlet pipe: At room temperature: 1.5～2; at 70～110°C: 0.5～1.5. Centrifugal pump outlet pipe: 1.5～3. Outlet pipe of high-pressure centrifugal pumps: 3～5. Gear pump inlet pipe: ≤1; outlet pipe: 1～2. Air for transporting powders and particles: 20～45. Hydraulic transportation of powders and particles: 3～4