【Daily Discussion】Utilities - Civil Engineering - 20210415

Construction technique for brick wall masonry: (1) Leveling and marking lines； (2) Elevation stake ； (3) Leave behind ； (4) Disk angle ； (5) Hanging wire ； (6) Install doors and windows ； (7) Spreading mortar and laying bricks ； (8) Joint sealing, wall cleaning.

Bricklaying preparation → Wetting bricks → Mixing mortar → Building brick wall → Inspection

Construction of brick wall masonry: 1. Leveling, setting out； 2. Set up the pitch rod ； 3. Leave it behind ； 4. Disk angle ； 5. Hang the wire ； 6. Install doors and windows ； 7. Laying mortar and bricks ； 8. Joint sealing, wall cleaning ； 9. Acceptance

Construction process flow: Preparation for bricklaying → Wetting the bricks → Mixing mortar → Building the brick wall → Inspection

Masonry work I) Construction process: Preparation for bricklaying → Wetting the bricks → Mixing mortar → Building the brick wall → Inspection II) Technical requirements and acceptance standards: Before starting the masonry work, it is necessary to establish axis lines and control lines, as well as set out control points for horizontal elevations, openings for doors and windows, and window sills. 1. Make proper construction preparations before starting the work; the debris at the base should be cleared thoroughly. The location, specifications, quantity, and spacing of the rebar used to reinforce the walls must all comply with the design requirements, and there should be no mistakes or omissions in their placement. 2. Before constructing with blocks, they should be moistened by watering in advance or constructed using special mortar. The mortar should be used immediately after it has been mixed; generally, cement mortar must be used up within 3 hours, while cement-based mixed mortar must be used up within 4 hours. Mortar that has been left over overnight must not be used. 3. The thickness of horizontal mortar joints in masonry and the width of vertical mortar joints are generally 10 mm, but should not be less than 8 mm nor more than 12 mm. There shall be no transparent joints, dead joints, or false joints in the grout. 4. At the junction of the slope surface and the wall, as well as for the first three layers of bricks on the floor and the bricks at the bottom of beams, cement mortar should be used for construction. When constructing areas where wire pipes or conduits need to be installed, reinforcement bars should be placed there in accordance with relevant requirements. 5. Reinforced brick lintels and reinforced concrete lintels shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the drawings. 6. In projects with structural columns, before starting bricklaying, mark the positions of these columns according to the design drawings, and ensure that the rebar used in the structural columns is aligned properly. When building a brick wall, a interlocking pattern is created at the junction with the structural columns. 7. Non-load-bearing walls should be constructed in stages, with each construction phase not exceeding a height of 1.5m. Continue building after the previous mortar has fully set. The daily construction height should not exceed 2.8 m. 8. A gap of about 200 mm should be left at the top of the wall; after 3 to 5 days, the blocks should be filled in obliquely using cement mortar, which must be applied thoroughly.

I) Construction process flow: Preparation for bricklaying work → Watering the bricks → Mixing mortar → Building the brick wall → Inspection. II) Technical requirements and acceptance standards: Before starting the bricklaying, it is necessary to establish axis lines and control lines, as well as set out control points for horizontal elevations, openings for doors and windows, and window sills. 1. Make proper construction preparations before starting the work; the debris at the base should be cleared thoroughly. The location, specifications, quantity, and spacing of the rebar used to reinforce the walls must all comply with the design requirements, and there should be no mistakes or omissions in their placement. 2. Before constructing with blocks, they should be moistened by watering in advance or constructed using special mortar. The mortar should be used immediately after it has been mixed; generally, cement mortar must be used up within 3 hours, while cement-based mixed mortar must be used up within 4 hours. Mortar that has been left over overnight must not be used. 3. The thickness of horizontal mortar joints in masonry and the width of vertical mortar joints are generally 10 mm, but should not be less than 8 mm nor more than 12 mm. There shall be no transparent joints, dead joints, or false joints in the grout. 4. At the junction of the slope surface and the wall, as well as for the first three layers of bricks on the floor and the bricks at the bottom of beams, cement mortar should be used for construction. When constructing areas where wire pipes or conduits need to be installed, reinforcement bars should be placed there in accordance with relevant requirements. 5. Reinforced brick lintels and reinforced concrete lintels shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the drawings. 6. In projects with structural columns, before starting bricklaying, mark the positions of these columns according to the design drawings, and ensure that the rebar used in the structural columns is aligned properly. When building a brick wall, a interlocking pattern is created at the junction with the structural columns. 7. Non-load-bearing walls should be constructed in stages, with each construction phase not exceeding a height of 1.5m. Continue building after the previous mortar has fully set. The daily construction height should not exceed 2.8 m. 8. A gap of about 200 mm should be left at the top of the wall; after 3 to 5 days, the blocks should be filled in obliquely using cement mortar, which must be applied thoroughly. 9. When filling in temporary gaps in brick masonry construction, the surface of the joint must be cleaned thoroughly, moistened with water, and the mortar filled in properly to ensure that the joint lines remain straight. 10. The corners and joints of brick masonry should be constructed simultaneously; it is strictly prohibited to build the interior and exterior walls separately without reliable measures. At temporary discontinuities that cannot be constructed simultaneously but must be left, a sloping joint should be formed; the horizontal projection length of this sloping joint shall not be less than 2/3 of its height. 11. In temporary joints in areas that are not seismically designed or where the seismic design intensity is 6 or 7 degrees, when it is not possible to leave diagonal joints, straight joints may be used except at corners; however, such straight joints must be constructed as convex joints. Tie bars should be added at the areas where the joints remain straight. 12. During the operation process, it is necessary to conduct thorough self-inspections; if any deviations are detected, they should be corrected immediately. It is strictly prohibited to try to fix things after the fact. 13. All construction sites for masonry work (including the working areas) must be cleaned up at the end of each day. Before applying for inspection for each batch, all floors and surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned; only after passing the inspection can work proceed to the next stage. 14. The allowable deviations for the position and verticality of brick masonry shall comply with the provisions in the table below. Allowable deviations for the position and verticality of brick masonry: Item No., Item Description, Allowable Deviation (mm), Inspection Method. 1. Axial alignment deviation: 10; checked using a theodolite and ruler, or with other measuring instruments. 2. Verticality: 5 per floor; checked using a 2m straightedge. For a total height of ≤10m, the deviation is 10; checked using a theodolite, plumb line and ruler, or other measuring instruments. For heights >10m, the deviation is 20. Additional information: Masonry work refers to the construction process in building projects where materials such as ordinary clay bricks, load-bearing clay hollow bricks, autoclaved lime-sand bricks, fly ash bricks, various small and medium-sized blocks, and stone are used for building. This includes bricklaying, stone work, block construction, and lightweight wall panels. Requirements for masonry materials, construction techniques, quality standards, and measures to prevent common quality issues in brick, stone, and block masonry. Material requirements: The type and grade of cement to be used in masonry mortar should be selected based on the location of the masonry and the surrounding environment. Before the mud used in water-based masonry work is put into use, its strength and stability should be retested in batches. A inspection lot shall be formed based on products from the same manufacturer and with the same serial number. The clay content in the sand used for mortar shall meet the following requirements: for cement mortar and cement-based mixed mortar with a strength grade of at least M5, it shall not exceed 5%; for cement-based mixed mortar with a strength grade lower than M5, it shall not exceed 10%. Artificial sand, mountain sand, and extra-fine sand must, through trial mixing, meet the technical requirements for masonry mortar. Materials for masonry: Fired common bricks. Fired common bricks can be classified into clay bricks, shale bricks, coal cinder bricks, and fly ash bricks based on their main raw materials. Sintered common bricks are classified into five strength grades based on compressive strength: MU30, MU25, MU20, MU15, and MU10. Sintered common bricks are classified into three grades – premium, first-class, and qualified – based on dimensional deviations, appearance quality, efflorescence, and lime spalling. Grade A products are suitable for clean walls, while Grade B and qualified products can be used for mixed-wall applications.

(1) Leveling and setting out; (2) Installing height markers; (3) Laying a base layer; (4) Marking corners; (5) Hanging guiding lines; (6) Assembling doors and windows; (7) Laying mortar and bricks; (8) Sealing joints and cleaning the wall surface.

I) Construction process flow: Preparation for bricklaying work → Watering the bricks → Mixing mortar → Building the brick wall → Inspection. II) Technical requirements and acceptance standards: Before starting the bricklaying, it is necessary to establish axis lines and control lines, as well as set out control points for horizontal elevations, openings for doors and windows, and window sills. 1. Make proper construction preparations before starting the work; the debris at the base should be cleared thoroughly. The location, specifications, quantity, and spacing of the rebar used to reinforce the walls must all comply with the design requirements, and there should be no mistakes or omissions in their placement. 2. Before constructing with blocks, they should be moistened by watering in advance or constructed using special mortar. The mortar should be used immediately after it has been mixed; generally, cement mortar must be used up within 3 hours, while cement-based mixed mortar must be used up within 4 hours. Mortar that has been left over overnight must not be used. 3. The thickness of horizontal mortar joints in masonry and the width of vertical mortar joints are generally 10 mm, but should not be less than 8 mm nor more than 12 mm. There shall be no transparent joints, dead joints, or false joints in the grout. 4. At the junction of the slope surface and the wall, as well as for the first three layers of bricks on the floor and the bricks at the bottom of beams, cement mortar should be used for construction. When constructing areas where wire pipes or conduits need to be installed, reinforcement bars should be placed there in accordance with relevant requirements. 5. Reinforced brick lintels and reinforced concrete lintels shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the drawings. 6. In projects with structural columns, before starting bricklaying, mark the positions of these columns according to the design drawings, and ensure that the rebar used in the structural columns is aligned properly. When building a brick wall, a interlocking pattern is created at the junction with the structural columns. 7. Non-load-bearing walls should be constructed in stages, with each construction phase not exceeding a height of 1.5m. Continue building after the previous mortar has fully set. The daily construction height should not exceed 2.8 m. 8. A gap of about 200 mm should be left at the top of the wall; after 3 to 5 days, the blocks should be filled in obliquely using cement mortar, which must be applied thoroughly. 9. When filling in temporary gaps in brick masonry construction, the surface of the joint must be cleaned thoroughly, moistened with water, and the mortar filled in properly to ensure that the joint lines remain straight. 10. The corners and joints of brick masonry should be constructed simultaneously; it is strictly prohibited to build the interior and exterior walls separately without reliable measures. At temporary discontinuities that cannot be constructed simultaneously but must be left, a sloping joint should be formed; the horizontal projection length of this sloping joint shall not be less than 2/3 of its height. 11. In temporary joints in areas that are not seismically designed or where the seismic design intensity is 6 or 7 degrees, when it is not possible to leave diagonal joints, straight joints may be used except at corners; however, such straight joints must be constructed as convex joints. Tie bars should be added at the areas where the joints remain straight. 12. During the operation process, it is necessary to conduct thorough self-inspections; if any deviations are detected, they should be corrected immediately. It is strictly prohibited to try to fix things after the fact. 13. All construction sites for masonry work (including the working areas) must be cleaned up at the end of each day. Before applying for inspection for each batch, all floors and surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned; only after passing the inspection can work proceed to the next stage. 14. The allowable deviations for the position and verticality of brick masonry shall comply with the provisions in the table below. Allowable deviations for the position and verticality of brick masonry Item Number Parameter Allowable deviation (mm) Inspection method 1 Deviation from the axis line 10 Check using a theodolite and ruler, or other measuring instruments 2 Verticality Per floor: 5 Check using a 2m straightedge; for total height ≤10m: 10 Check using a theodolite, plumb line and ruler, or other measuring instruments; for height >10m: 20

Construction technique for brick wall masonry: (1) Leveling and marking lines； (2) Elevation stake ； (3) Leave behind ； (4) Disk angle ； (5) Hanging wire ； (6) Install doors and windows ； (7) Spreading mortar and laying bricks ； (8) Joint sealing, wall cleaning.

Construction techniques for brick wall construction: 1. Leveling: Ensure that the bottom elevation of each section of the wall is at the same horizontal level； 2. Foot positioning: Use the selected assembly method on the base surface where the lines are drawn to conduct trial positioning with dry bricks ； 3. Install peeling rods: to ensure a uniform thickness of the horizontal joints ； 4. Corner fitting: three layers with one suspension point, five layers with one support point, to ensure the quality of the corner fit.