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1 Understanding and implementation of personnel supervision: Supervisors are required to be familiar with the methods and procedures, understand the objectives, and be able to evaluate the results; Persons under supervision: Those who are new*, have just started working, have changed roles, are working on new projects, are using new methods, or are operating new equipment – and who are not capable of identifying the significance of any deviations from the laboratory’s standard procedures ; Contents of personnel supervision: It mainly focuses on the personnel’s ability to use the equipment correctly, their skills in operating the devices, their capability in sample preparation, their ability to monitor the environment, and their competence in carrying out self-control testing and calibration processes. It also involves overseeing the accuracy and reliability of the testing and calibration results produced. Requirements for personnel supervision: The laboratory should establish a personnel supervision system (which can be embodied in procedural documents or other forms). Supervision should be carried out in a planned manner, with complete records of the supervision activities and their evaluation results. Application of personnel supervision results: These results can be used to identify training needs, as well as for assessing and confirming competencies. Supervision records should be kept in the technical personnel’s files, while supervision reports should be included in management reviews. 2 Understanding and Implementation of Personnel Monitoring: Scope of personnel monitoring: All individuals who may affect the outcomes of laboratory activities, including those working in various functions within the laboratory. Personnel monitoring planning: The monitoring of personnel capabilities should be based on risk assessment; factors such as an individual’s educational background, experience, work history, and the characteristics of the technical tasks they perform should be taken into account to assess risks. A monitoring plan should be established to ensure that personnel capabilities continue to meet the requirements of the laboratory. Personnel monitoring implementation: The laboratory can conduct monitoring on a regular or irregular basis; it can be carried out regularly by the department responsible for personnel management or by the departments that use those personnel, by comparing their performance with the requirements associated with their roles ; The official account reminds that, on an ad-hoc basis, personnel performance monitoring can be carried out based on internal and external quality control results, customer complaints, as well as factors such as technical complexity, method stability, and the capabilities of laboratory staff in relation to laboratory activities, in order to ensure the effectiveness of those activities and their outcomes ; Personnel monitoring methods: On-site observation and supervision, review of records, examination/approval of reports can be employed, along with quality control measures (blind samples, internal quality control, external comparisons/PTs, etc.) to monitor personnel competence. 3. It should be emphasized that there is only one entity that is the subject of personnel supervision and monitoring: humans (I’m concerned about those who are supposed to supervise the equipment). The focus of personnel supervision is to assess an individual’s initial capabilities, while the focus of personnel monitoring is to evaluate their ongoing capabilities