Standard translations for common terms used in laboratories; let’s stop using \"Chinglish\" in laboratories

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Standard English translations of common terms used in laboratories. Translations of professional laboratory terms: Chinese name – English name. Analysis-related terms: Analytical chemistry – analytical chemistry; Qualitative analysis – qualitative analysis; Quantitative analysis – quantitative analysis; Physical analysis – physical analysis; Physico-chemical analysis – physico-chemical analysis; Instrumental analysis – instrumental analysis; Flow injection analysis – flow injection analysis； FIA sequential injection analysis; SIA chemometrics error analysis data processing absolute error absolute error relative error relative error systematic error systematic error determinate error determine error random error accidental error indeterminate error accuracy accuracy precision deviation debiation, d average deviation average debiation relative average deviation relative average debiation standard deviation (standard deviation) standerd deviation;S Relative mean deviationrelatibe standard deviation; RSD coefficient of variation propagation of error significant figure confidence level level of significance pooled standard deviation (combined standard deviation) pooled standard debiation rejection quotient ; charge balance charge balance equation mass balance material balance mass balance equation acid-base titration acid-base titration acid-base titrations autoprotolysis reaction autoprotolysis constant proton conditional expression proton balance equation acid-base indicator acid-base indicator indicator constant indicator constant color change interval color change interval mixed indicator double indicator titration nonaqueous titration nonaqueous titrations protonic solvent acid solvent acid solvent basic solvent amphoteric solvent amphototeric solvent aprotic solvent homogenization effect differentiating effect differentiating solvent differentiating solvent ionization dissociation crystal violet crystal violet α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol quinadinered thymol blue azo violet bromophenol blue coordination titration coordination titration complete* metry ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA chelate compound metal indicator metal lochrome indcator redox titration redox titration o * dation-reduction titration iodimetry bromimetry bromine method cerimetry potassium permanganate method potassium permanganate method conditional potential potassium bromate method cerium sulphate method cerium sulphate method metaperiodic acid periodate periodate sodium nitrite method sodium nitrite method Diazotization reaction diazotization titration nitrosation reaction nitrosation titration nitrozation titration external indicator external indicator potassium dichromate method potassium dichromate method precipitation titration method precipitation titration volumetric precipitation method argentometric method gravimetric analysis Volatilization methodvolatilization methodwater of hydroscopicityoccluded waterwater of imbibitionwater of crystallizationwater of compositionliquid-liquid extraction methodsolvent extractioncounterextractionpartition coefficientpartition coefficientdistribution ratioion pairprecipitation formsprecipitation forms Weighing forms weighing forms physical analysis physical analysis physicochemical analysis instrumental analysis potentiometric analysis electrochemical analysis electrolytic analysis method electrolytic analysis method electtogravimetry coulometry coulometric titration conductometry conductometric analysis conductometric titration conductometric titration Potentiometry direct potential method dirext potentiometry potentiometric titration voltammetry polarography stripping method amperometric titration chemical double layer chemical double layer phase boundary potential metal electrode potential electrode potential chemical cell chemical cell liquid junction boundary galvanic cell electrolytic cell electrolytic cell negative cathrode positive electrode anode battery electromotive force indicator electrode reference electrode standard hydrogen electrode primary reference electrode standard calomel electrode silver silver-chloride electrode liquid junction boundary asymmetry potential asymmetry potential apparent PH composite PH electrode combination PH electrode ion selective electrode ion selective electrode Sensor crystalline electrodes homogeneous membrance electrodes heterogeneous membrance electrodes heterog eneous membrance electrodes non-crystalline electrodes rigid matrix electrode electrode with a mobile carrier gas sensing electrodes enzyme electrodes enzyme electrodes metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET ion selection field effect transistor ISFET Total ion strength adjustment buffer, TISAB Dead-stop titration Double amperometric titration Plank constant Electromagnetic spectrum Spectroscopic analysis Atomic emission spectroscopy Mass spectrum Mass spectroscopy, MS Ultraviolet - visible spectrophotometry ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry; UV-vis shoulder peak end absorption end absorbtion chromophore auxochrome red shift long shift bathochromic shift short shift hyposochromic shift blue (violet) shift blue shift hyperchromic effect (concentrated color effect) hyperchromic effect subtractive color effect (light color effect) hypochromic effect strong band weak band absorption band transmittance, T absorbance band width stray light noise dark noise signal shot noise blazed grating holographic grating holographic graaing photodiode array detector photodiode array detector partial least squares method, PLS Convolution spectrometry Convolution transform, CT Discrete wavelet transform, WT Multiscale analysis Multiscale analysis Electron donating group Electron with-drawing group Fluorescence analysis Fluorescence Fluorescence analysis relexation internal conversion internal conversion external conversion intersystem crossing excitation spectrum fluorescence spectrum Stokes shift fluorescence life time fluorescence efficiency fluorescence quantum yield fluorescence quemching method scattering light Rayleigh light Reyleith scanttering light Raman scattering light Raman scattering light infrared spectrophotometry infrared ray, IR mid-infrared absorption spectrum, Mid-IR far-IR microwave spectrum, MV infrared spectroscopy infrared spectrophotometry mode of vibration stretching vibration symmetrical stretching vibration asymmetrical stretching vibration bending vibration bending vibration formation vibration in-plane bending vibration,β scissoring vibration,δ rocking vibration,ρ out-of-plane bending vibration,γ wagging vibration,ω twisting vibration,τ symmetrical deformation vibration, δs asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas characteristic absorption peak characteristic frequency characteristic frequency correlation absorption band hybridization affect ring size effect intensity of absorption band ring prckering vibration atomic spectroscopy atomic absorption spectrophotometry, AAS atomic emmsion spectrophotometry, AES atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, AFS nuclear magnetic resonance resonance, NMR NMR spectrum NMR spectroscopy sweep field sweep frequency continuous wave NMR, CW NMR Fourier transform NMRPFT-NMR, FT-NMR two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum 2D-NMR proton magnetic resonance spectrum, PMR hydrogen spectrum 1H-NMR Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum 13C-NMR spectrum, 13CNMR spin angular momentum spin angular momentum magnetic ratio magnetic quantum number, m precession relaxation process local diamagnetic shielding shielding constant shielding constant chemical shift chemical shift International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC magnetic anisotropy long range shielding effect nodal plane spin-spin coupling spin-spin coupling spin-spin splitting spin=spin splitting singlet,s doublet,d triplet,t quartet quintet sextet geminal coupling vicinal coupling long range coupling magnetic equivalence magnetic eqivalence spin system spin system first order spectrum second order spectrum CH spectrum CH correlated spectroscopy, CH COSY mass spectrometry mass spectrum, MS bar graph selected ion monitoring, SIM direct probe inlet, DPI interface gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS electron impact source, EI ion peak quasi-molecular ions chemical ionization source, CI field ionization, FI field desorptiion, FD fast stom bombardment, FAB mass analyzer magnetic-sector mass spectrometer quadrupole mass spectrometer atomic mass unit amu ion abundance ion abundance relative avundance base peak mass range mass range resolution sensitivity sensitivity signal-to-noise ratio S/N molecular ion molecular ion fragment ion fragment ion isotope ion isotopic ion metastable ion metastable ion metastable peak parent ion paren ion daughter ion daughter ion containing an odd number of electrons odd electron ion containing an even number of electrons even eletron, EE homolytic cleavage heterolytic cleavage hemi-homolysis cleavage rearrangement molecular weight MW α-cleavage α-cleavage Chromatography chromatography stationary phase mobile phase mobile phase supercritical fluid chromatography SFC high performance capillary electrophoresis, HPEC gas chromatography, GC liquid chromatography, LC supercritical fluid chromatography supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC gas-solid chromatography GSC gas-liquid chromatography GLC liquid-solid chromatography LSC liquid-liquid chromatography LLC column chromatography packed column capillary column capillary column micro-packed column icrobore packed column high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC planar plate chromatography plane chromatography paper chromatography thin layer chromatography, TLC thin layer chromatography; thiin film chomatography capillary electrophoresis capillary electrophoresis, CE partition chromatography partition chromatography adsorption chromatography adsorpion chromaography ion exchange chromatography ion exchange chromatography, IEC space exclusion chromatography steric exclusion chromatography, SEC affinity chromatography affinity chromatography distribution coefficient distribution coefficient narrow distribution coefficient partition coefficient gel chromatography gel chromatography gel permeation chromatography gel permeation chromatography, GPC gel filtration chromatography, GFC permeation coefficien; of cross linking exchange capacity thin layer plate developing solvent , developer critical micelle concentration criticalak micolle concentration , CMC relative shift value relative Rf, Rr resolution , R separation number, SN Gypsum carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC-Na absorption spectrum coupled with TLC-UV thin layer chromatography-fluorescence coupled with TLC-F TLC-IR thin layer chromatography TLC-MS paper chromatography ascending development descending development two dimensional development gas chromatography gas chromatography leading peak tailing peak symmetry factor symmetry factor, fs retention time retention volume retention volume dead time adjusted retention time peak width at half height, W1/2 or Y1/2 peak width, W isotherm height equivalent to atheoretical plate chemically bonded phase polydiethylene glycol succinate, PDEGS, DEGS polymer porous microspheres GDX styrene STY ethyl vinyl benzene EST Divinylbenzene DVB wall coated open tubular column,WCOT carrier coated capillary column supprot coated open tubular column, SCOT thermal conductivity detector, TCD hydrogen flame ionization detector hydrogen flame ionization detector, FID electron capture detector, ECD noise, N drift drift, d sensitivity sensitivity detection limit (sensitivity) detectability, D, M resolution normalization method external standardization high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC high speed LC, HSLC high pressure LC, HPLC high resolution LC, HRLC liquid-solid adsorption chromatography, LSC liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC normal phase,NP reversed phase,RP bonded phase chromatography,BPC octadecylselyl,ODS paired ion chromatography,PIC reversed phase ion pair chromatographyRPIC ion suppression chromatography,ISC ion chromatography,IC chiral chromatography,CC cyclodextrin chromatography, CDC micellar chromatography, MC affinity chromatography, AC stationary phase chemically bonded phase chemically bonded phase end capping chiral stationary phase, CSP constant composition solvent elution isocraic elution gradient elution ultraviolet detector ultraviolet detector, UVD fluorophotomeric detector, FD electrochemical detector ECD refractive index detector RID photodiode array detector, DAD 3D-spectrochromatogram evaporative light scattering detector, ELSD ampere detector, AD high performance capillary electrophoresis, HPCE mobility electrophoresis electrophoresis electroosmosis hydrodynamic injection electrokinetic injection capillary zone electrophoresis capillary zone electrophoresis, CZE micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, MECC capillary gel electrophoresis capillary gel electrophoresis, CGE sieving