Responsibilities of pressure vessel designers, verifiers, and reviewers

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A drawing cannot become a construction drawing without a signature; once a signature is added, it acquires legal validity, and this is beyond dispute. And one is responsible for it for life. To help you understand, I’ve attached a passage excerpted from the Internet; I’m not sure of its exact source, but I believe you’ll gain some insights after reading it. (Welcome pump enthusiasts to provide corrections～) Letters cannot be signed casually: the designer bears 60%–65% of the responsibility, the professional in charge bears 20%–30% of the responsibility, the proofreader is responsible for 10%, the reviewer for 5%, and the final approver for 3%. Generally, it is done according to this ratio. But when problems arise, it comes down to conscience; some people refuse to take responsibility and blame the design instead. One should not sign casually; it is necessary to carefully examine the diagram before signing, only when there are no issues can one sign. Nothing can be accomplished without rules or standards. The high quality of courtyard design depends not on individual effort, but on institutional mechanisms. The design institute has a comprehensive set of rules and regulations that ensure design quality remains consistent regardless of changes in personnel. As a structured design institute, it is generally necessary to implement a system of two reviews and three checks. That is, the designer conducts self-checking and self-review ； Proofreader Proofreading ； Reviewed by the auditor. A drawing must be signed by at least three people before it can be approved, in order to ensure design quality. Each person is responsible for their own role and receives payment corresponding to that role. The positions involved in design generally include: designers, project leaders, proofreaders, reviewers, etc., while the approver is usually an administrative staff member. The responsibilities of each position are as follows: 1. Professional supervisor: Generally, a registered engineer is required to serve as the professional supervisor, and they are responsible for the drawings they sign. Under the leadership of the department head and chief engineer, the institute-level projects are overseen by the president and chief technical officer; in collaboration with the project manager, they organize and coordinate the design work related to their respective fields, and are responsible for the designs, technologies, quality, and progress of those projects. Its main responsibilities are as follows: 1. Under the leadership of the project manager, it formulates progress plans for various design tasks within its own specialty in accordance with the progress control plans for each design phase, and assigns tasks accordingly; these plans are implemented after being approved by the head of the department. 　 2. One should be familiar with the regulations related to this field of study. Collect and analyze design information, lead the development of plans and preliminary designs for this specialty, and assume full responsibility for the plans and technologies related to it. The plan and preliminary design should be presented to the reviewers; if necessary, they should be brought before the department’s technical meeting, while projects at the institute level are discussed and decided upon by the institute’s technical meeting. and implemented in subsequent stages. 　 3. Responsible for preparing plans and preliminary design documents. Relevant specialties should prepare dedicated sections on civil air defense, fire protection, environmental protection, energy conservation, etc. 　 4. Thoroughly study the plan and the feedback from the approval stage in the preliminary design phase. And implement each approval comment one by one. If there are issues with the implementation, it must be reported to the relevant departments through the project supervisor for approval, along with a written response. Fill out the approval and handling comments form carefully. 　 5. During the construction drawing phase, further address the technical issues specific to this discipline. Coordinate conflicts among various specialties and be responsible for summarizing information at each stage. Proactively submit requests to the relevant departments in a timely manner, and provide them with the necessary information in written form or through charts. The person in charge of the relevant materials should sign and date them. 6. Organize and supervise professional designers and drafters in carrying out construction drawing design. Prepare the unified technical specifications and drawing catalog for this project. Coordinate the resolution of issues that arise in the work, and urge the designers and draftsmen in this field to prepare calculations and drawings carefully to ensure high quality. The person in charge of the project should examine the design documents prepared by the designer and draftsman, ensure that all quality marking requirements are met, and then submit them to the reviewer for proofreading. Poorly prepared calculation sheets and drawings should be requested to be revised by the designer before being checked again. 7. Check whether the proofreader has done their job properly and whether a proofreading record form has been filled out. If there are no major issues, submit it to the reviewer for approval. After proofreading and review, the designer makes the modifications together. 8. Conduct a self-assessment of the design quality of this specialty. Responsible for archiving the design documents of this specialty. 9. Provide design instructions to the construction unit prior to commencement of work. During construction, provide good on-site services. Responsible for negotiating changes and supplementary drawings. Attend the completion acceptance. Responsible for archiving design documents such as those resulting from negotiations during the construction phase. 10. Conduct post-project follow-ups and design reviews in accordance with the arrangements of the department and project team. 11. In case of discrepancies regarding technical issues with the auditor’s opinions, the auditor’s views should be taken into consideration; if necessary, a report should be submitted to the chief engineer’s office for discussion and decision-making. II. Designer: Technically and design-wise, the designer follows the guidance and arrangements of the professional supervisor, and is responsible for the progress and quality of one’s own designs. The main responsibilities are: 1. To develop a design schedule according to the arrangements of the project leader, and to complete the assigned design tasks on time. 2. Thoroughly study the basic design materials, understand the design intent, master the design standards, prepare the design plans for the sections under one’s responsibility, and resolve related technical issues. 3. The design calculations comply with the unified technical specifications of this project; they are accurate and meet the quality requirements for calculation documents in this field. Whether done manually or computationally, the designer is responsible for the accuracy, safety, and economic Rationality of the calculation results. 4. During the construction drawing phase, under the leadership of the professional supervisor, it is responsible for resolving the interrelationships between different tasks within its area of responsibility, providing necessary conditions for other specialties, and participating in the consolidation processes at various stages. The construction drawings should meet the requirements for design depth and have a reasonable structure. The layout is compact, clear, tidy, and easy to read. 5. Carefully review calculation sheets and drawings to improve the quality of the work produced. Any suggestions made by those responsible for review, project supervisors, or reviewers should be carefully addressed, with corresponding action plans recorded in the review log. 6. Organize the design documents in accordance with the archiving requirements specified in the design documents, and have them archived uniformly by the person in charge of the project. 7. Cooperate with the project supervisor to carry out design briefings and provide on-site support. 8. The drawings prepared by students for the construction drawing practice and graduation project are carefully checked by the designer before being handed over to another reviewer for further verification. 9. Be responsible for the design quality, drawing quality, and calculation data of the design documents and drawings in accordance with the principles established by higher-level reviews ； 10. Responsible for coordinating and collaborating with other specialties regarding the work carried out ； 11. In the event of disagreement with the opinions of the proofreader and reviewer, one has the right to request further arbitration from the next higher level up to the chief engineer. If there is still disagreement with the final decision of the arbitration, it can be filed for record-keeping, but it must still be implemented ； 12. In the event of a quality incident arising from the non-compliance of the designed work with relevant regulations, the person in question bears primary responsibility; they must promptly report to their superiors, analyze the causes, draw lessons from the incident, and carry out inspections and corrective actions. III. Proofreader: Under the supervision of the professional supervisor, is responsible for the quality of the designed final products being proofread. The main responsibilities are: 1. Completing the proofreading of drawings and calculation sheets on time. 　　 2. The reviewer shall examine the drawings and relevant documents for the corresponding work types; the projects that have been reviewed must meet the requirements of standards, regulations, and unified technical measures. There are no errors or omissions in the calculations, drawings, instructions, etc. Responsible for verifying the accuracy of the design basis, calculation methods, calculation data, and drawing quality of the drawings and calculations related to their own specialty, in accordance with the principles established by higher-level reviews ； 　 3. Fill out the review record form. When signing the document, pay attention to the designer’s suggestions. Any technical disagreements shall be resolved by the professional supervisor. 　　 4. If it is found that the design documents are incomplete or contain too many issues, the person in charge has the authority to return them to the designer for rechecking and further revisions. If issues are found during proofreading, the party in question has the right to request that the designers make corrections; they also have the right to refuse to sign until the corrections have been made ； 　　 5. In the event that significant quality issues arise in the proofreading work carried out due to non-compliance with Article 1, other than the principle-related problems determined by higher-level review, the person in charge shall bear equal responsibility with the designer and should assist the designer in conducting inspections and taking corrective actions. IV. Reviewer 1. The reviewer should be present at each design stage to participate in the discussion, review, and decision-making regarding plans and key technical issues. Planning phase: Review whether the documents related to design requirements and the competent authorities are complete and in compliance with **regulations and standards. Provide guidance on the design philosophy, as well as the goals and measures for achieving excellence in the projects. Analyze and compare various options, and review to recommend the best one. Preliminary design phase: Review the approval comments on the research plan; provide timely guidance and suggestions during plan adjustments and the resolution of technical issues, and participate in discussions to make decisions. For general technical issues, respect the opinions of the professional in charge; for important technical issues, guidance should be provided in advance. Construction drawing stage: Study the approval comments on the preliminary design as well as the review opinions from relevant authorities regarding special sections such as fire protection, civil air defense, and environmental protection, and discuss and implement these matters together with the project manager and subject matter experts. For those that cannot be implemented, solutions should be explored, reported to the relevant departments, put into action, and recorded. Provide guidance and review on the technical issues that need to be further resolved during the construction drawing phase. 2. Be fully responsible for the quality of the finished products and design documents at each design stage. Check whether the person in charge of the review and the proofreader are present. Check the proofreading record sheet. During the review process, if it is found that proofreading has not been done properly, the document may be returned for re-proofreading. Less experienced proofreaders should be guided to assist them in carrying out their proofreading work. 3. Conduct a comprehensive review of the design documents for each stage. The designed finished product complies with the \"Regulations on the Depth of Preparation for Architectural Engineering Design Documents\". The finished design shall comply with the approved design specifications, as well as the requirements of laws, regulations, and standards formulated in ** (including the region where it is located). The approval opinions have been implemented and carried out. The plans, technical issues, and construction measures specified for each stage are fully implemented in the construction drawings. After the designer conducts self-checks and the reviewer performs checks, a comprehensive inspection is carried out to ensure that all design documents are present ； Are the calculation sheets and drawings accurate? ； Are the tab labels standardized? Fill out the audit record form properly. V. Approver: The approver is responsible for the quality of the finished products from the perspective of the administrative leadership of the department or office. The following items should be carefully reviewed: 1. Whether the design documents are complete and comply with **’s policies and regulations. Are the approval documents from the relevant authorities complete? Whether the approval opinions are carefully implemented and documented. 2. Key attention should be paid to the innovative aspects in various specialties, such as architectural designs, as well as major technical issues like new materials and technologies employed in these specialties. 3. Check the quality of the final design product: Ensure that the project manager, subject matter experts, proofreaders, and reviewers are all involved, and that all review records are complete. Check whether the quality of the calculation documents and drawings complies with the hospital’s relevant quality management regulations. 4. Check whether the positions listed in the tab bar comply with the relevant regulations regarding registered architects and the technical positions designated by the institute.