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Our country is a major producer of fruits and vegetables. The commercial processing of these products after harvest involves the use of various conveying mechanisms, electronic and optical technologies, along with microcomputer-based analysis systems, to achieve automated sorting and transportation. This process enables the preservation and cleaning of fruits and vegetables, as well as their effective sorting based on characteristics such as quality, size, and color. The hierarchical processing of general conveying machinery and equipment is relatively underdeveloped, with a low level of industrialization; their conveying capabilities are also limited. The existing technical equipment remains at the stage of mechanical grading alone. Conventional conveying machinery not only has low conveying efficiency but also causes damage to the surface of fruits and vegetables, making it difficult to ensure the quality of these products for commercial use. Nowadays, most manufacturing companies use modern sorting conveyors for transporting various fruits and vegetables; these conveyors not only enable high efficiency in transportation but also help maintain the freshness of the fruits and vegetables, as well as offering multiple conveying functions. The conveyor system of automated sorting conveyors can also be constructed by combining belts, rollers, chain plates, mesh belts, etc.; alternatively, different conveyor systems can be installed in segments to meet the requirements of fruit and vegetable production, thus forming a complete set of equipment for fruit and vegetable preservation and grading. Designed with a modular approach, this device integrates multiple functions into one, forming a complete set of automated equipment for the cleaning and processing of fruits and vegetables, their preservation, as well as intelligent sorting. The sorting conveyor can be arranged in a straight line or at an angle when transporting fruits and vegetables. When transporting fresh fruits and vegetables, the sorting conveyor features a roller-type structure driven by chains, which enables the regular arrangement and self-rotating transport of the fruits and vegetables, facilitating operators in identifying inferior items. The front section of the sorting conveyor is the material frame lifting section; through experimental calculations, it was determined that the lifting height of this machine is 30 units. Fruits and vegetables are conveyed upward by rollers inside the material frame, and due to the rotation of these rollers, they are arranged in rows that rise sequentially. The rear section of the sorting conveyor is the sorting area, where the rollers are pulled along by chains. Meanwhile, due to the effect of the idler rollers, they keep rolling, which causes the fruits and vegetables arranged between the rollers to rotate regularly. This allows operators to easily examine all sides of the fruits and vegetables, enabling them to remove those that are of poor quality. Before fruits and vegetables enter the sorting conveyor for sorting, intelligent sorting plays a central role in such conveying machinery. It involves advanced technologies, including optics, mechanics, electronics, as well as complex systems such as imaging and software programming; there are numerous factors to consider in its design. It represents a key component in the equipment used on production lines. Taking an ordinary orange as an example, this machine features two channels with eight sorting outlets, and its sorting speed ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 pieces per hour, resulting in a production capacity of 5 to 10 tons per hour – sufficient to meet the production needs of most large and medium-sized enterprises. The sorting process involves feeding the fruits and vegetables in – lifting them up – performing preliminary sorting – transferring them to the fruit cups for positioning – allowing the fruits and vegetables to pass through the camera area multiple times for imaging – the CCD camera generating video signals – the graphics capture card processing these images – extracting data on the shapes and surface characteristics of the fruits and vegetables – the computer performing preliminary calculations on these data signals – calculating the area of the fruits and vegetables, as well as their diameter and color characteristics – conducting comparative analyses to make judgments – determining the characteristic data of the fruits and vegetables – comparing this data with externally set parameters to determine the sorting grade – sending signals to the PLC – the PLC then arranging the fruits and vegetables in order and monitoring their position – issuing commands to unload the fruits and vegetables – the conveyor belt moving forward so that the fruits reach the designated location, after which they are further transported.