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Heat exchangers are essential devices for enabling heat exchange and transfer in refineries; they provide important support for the optimal operating temperatures of various equipment within petrochemical plants. In conjunction with the corrosion inspections carried out during the major overhaul of the unit, the problems associated with the heat exchangers in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit were analyzed. The areas and forms most susceptible to corrosion in these heat exchangers, namely low-temperature corrosion, high-temperature corrosion, and water-side corrosion, were identified. The corrosion mechanisms were analyzed, and countermeasures were proposed. Heat exchangers play a vital role in petrochemical production. In refineries, the investment in heat exchangers accounts for about 20% of the total investment, and they make up more than 40% of the total weight of the equipment; they are essential devices for enabling heat exchange and transfer. Refinery heat exchangers suffer from scaling, blockage, and corrosion during the heat exchange process, which affects the safe operation of refineries and increases the operational costs for these enterprises. Once corrosion in heat exchangers causes leaks, it can have varying degrees of impact on the environment and corporate production; therefore, anti-corrosion measures for heat exchangers are essential in oil refineries.