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Recently, the Carbon-Based Resource Electrocatalytic Conversion Research Group (Group 523) of the **Key Laboratory of Catalysis Fundamentals at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, made new progress in regulating the reactivity of high-temperature CO2 electrolysis at the cathode of solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOECs). By precisely designing single-atom catalysts that are stable at high temperatures, significant improvements were achieved in the performance of CO2 electrolysis at such high temperatures. Due to its advantages such as high current density, high Faradaic efficiency, and low overpotential, SOEC is considered a CO2 electrocatalytic conversion device with broad application prospects. Among them, cathode CO2 adsorption and activation are crucial for high-temperature CO2 electrolysis. However, the low electrocatalytic activity of oxygen ion conductors in existing cathode materials limits further improvement in the performance of SOECs. In this study, single-atom Ru was anchored on the surface of the oxygen ion conductor (Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ, SDC) in SOEC cathodes using high-temperature aerobic calcination. The strong covalent metal-support interaction between Ru and the SDC effectively enhances the high-temperature stability of the single atoms. Meanwhile, it enables the modulation of the electronic structure at the SDC surface, promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies, and improves CO2 adsorption and activation. As a result, the ohmic and polarization resistances of SOEC are significantly reduced, leading to a substantial increase in the activity for CO2 electrolysis. Under conditions of 1.6 V and 800°C, the current density of the Ru1/SDC-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ cathode can reach as high as 2.39 A/cm2. This work expands the application of single-atom catalysts in the field of high-temperature electrocatalysis for SOECs, and develops a research strategy to optimize the electron structure and electrocatalytic activity of SOEC cathodes at the atomic scale, providing a reference for the design of efficient SOEC cathode materials. The relevant research findings were published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition under the title “Surface Activation by Single Ruthenium Atoms for Enhanced High-Temperature CO2 Electrolysis”. The first author of this work is Associate Researcher Song Yuefeng from Group 502. The above work was funded by projects such as the **Key Research and Development Program** and the National Natural Science Foundation.