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**Policies to support the development of technologies for producing oil and gas from coal will be formulated, and efforts will be made to establish a system for the production, supply, storage, and distribution of hydrogen. Author/Source: Modern Coal Chemical Industry. Date: February 11, 2022. Clicks: 17. Recently, the **National Development and Reform Commission** and the **Energy Administration** issued the \"Opinions on Improving the Institutional Mechanisms and Policy Measures for the Green and Low-Carbon Transformation of the Energy Sector.\" The Guidelines propose to promote the transformation and upgrading of the refining and chemical industry, and to increase efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions simultaneously ； Support the integration of clean fuels such as biofuel ethanol, biodiesel, and biomethane into oil and gas pipelines ； Formulate policies to support the technical reserve for coal-based oil and gas production ； Explore the establishment of a hydrogen production, supply, storage, and sales system. Improving the \"dual control\" of energy consumption has always been a focus of attention in the industry. To this end, the Guidelines propose to strengthen the management of mandatory targets for reducing energy intensity, effectively increase the flexibility in managing the total amount of energy consumption, exclude energy used for renewable energy and raw materials from the control of total energy consumption, and set reasonable targets for reducing energy intensity in various regions. Formulate and revise mandatory **standards for energy consumption limits per unit of product in key energy-consuming industries, and organize inspections to monitor the implementation of these standards by such enterprises. Research and develop carbon emission accounting methods for key industries and key products. Promote local areas to establish and improve energy use budget management systems, and explore the implementation of evaluations on the efficiency of energy consumption. The industrial sector is a major source of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. To improve the policies supporting the use of green energy in this sector, the Guidelines propose guiding industrial enterprises to adopt clean energy alternatives in order to reduce carbon emissions per unit of product, and encouraging those that are qualified to take the lead in adopting low-carbon or zero-carbon energy consumption models. Encourage the development of green energy-use industrial parks and enterprises, advance industrial green microgrids, support the utilization of clean and low-carbon energy on-site, and build distributed clean energy and smart energy systems. Reduce or waive cross-subsidies and system standby fees for power generation through the comprehensive use of waste heat, pressure, and gas, and improve price policies to support the generation of distributed clean energy for self-use. On the premise of complying with power planning and grid operation safety requirements, it is encouraged to use innovative methods of power transmission and operation to supply power from renewable energy projects directly to industrial parks or enterprises in their vicinity; industrial parks or enterprises are also encouraged to purchase green electricity through the power market. Emerging key energy-consuming sectors are encouraged to meet their energy needs primarily through green energy, and to make full use of waste heat, pressure, and gas. Recently, there has been a shortage of coal supply in our country. The Guidelines emphasize the need to scientifically assess the impacts of reduced production and closures of coal enterprises, and to study and improve support policies regarding the exit and transformation of such enterprises as well as the resettlement of their employees. Improve the systems for coal products, production capacity reserves, and emergency reserves; refine the mechanisms for emergency peak-shaving capacity, adjustable inventory, and coal reserves for key power plants; and establish a coal emergency reserve system driven by enterprises and operated on a market-based basis. Regarding the clean development and utilization of coal, the Guidelines propose to vigorously promote its clean and efficient use ； Formulate policies to support the technical reserve for coal-to-oil and gas technologies. The Guidelines call for improving mechanisms for the clean and efficient use of oil and gas. Improve the capacity for clean and efficient extraction of oil and gas fields, promote the transformation and upgrading of the refining industry, and intensify efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions. Improve the mechanisms for the coordinated development of oil and gas, geothermal energy, as well as wind and solar energy. Encourage oil and gas companies to use their own land for developing renewable energy sources and building distributed energy facilities, and to establish regional energy supply systems that integrate multiple energy sources within oil and gas fields. Continue to promote the fair opening of oil and gas pipelines and improve access standards; streamline the natural gas supply process by reducing the number of supply levels. On the premise of meeting safety and quality requirements, support the integration of clean fuels such as biofuel ethanol, biodiesel, and biomethane into oil and gas pipelines. Strengthen the promotion and demonstration of carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage technologies, expand the application of carbon dioxide-driven oil extraction techniques, and explore the use of underground spaces created by oil and gas extraction for storing carbon dioxide. Accelerate the development of a petroleum reserve system that integrates **reserves, corporate social responsibility reserves, and production and operation inventories in a complementary manner, and combines physical reserves, capacity reserves, with other types of reserves. Establish a multi-level natural gas storage, peak-shaving, and emergency response system in which local authorities, gas supply companies, pipeline transportation companies, and urban gas enterprises each assume their respective responsibilities. Improve the system for the production, supply, storage, and distribution of coal, oil, and natural gas. Currently, the development of hydrogen energy industry in our country is accelerating, and hydrogen energy has also become one of the key terms. The Guidelines propose exploring efficient hydrogen transport methods such as hydrogen blending in gas pipelines, pure hydrogen pipeline transportation, and liquid hydrogen transport. Traditional gas stations and CNG stations are encouraged to develop integrated transportation and energy service stations that combine oil, gas, electricity, and hydrogen. Explore the establishment of a hydrogen production, supply, storage, and sales system. Promote clean energy vehicles such as those powered by hydrogen, and improve the layout of charging and swapping stations, as well as hydrogen and LNG refueling stations, along with their supporting facilities. According to the Guidelines, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China will basically establish an institutional framework for promoting the green and low-carbon development of energy, develop a relatively complete system of policies, standards, markets, and regulations, and create a mechanism for driving the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, guided by the systems of dual control over energy consumption and targets for non-fossil energy. By 2030, a comprehensive system of basic institutions and policies for the green and low-carbon development of energy will have been essentially established.