How are the design values and measured values of the axial pre-deformation amount of pipeline compensators calculated?
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How are the design values and measured values of the axial pre-deformation amount of pipeline compensators calculated? Thank you for the answer.
△y = aL(tins – tmin), where: △y is the amount of pre-deformation; a is the linear expansion coefficient; tins is the temperature at installation; tmin is the minimum design temperature; L is the length of the pipeline
What is the design value for the axial/angular pre-deformation amount? ? The design values include only axial displacement and lateral displacement