National standard for the material specifications of valve stem nuts
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Are the materials of valve stem nuts specified in national standards all cast copper alloys?； Taking Z41H-25 as an example, is it true that for forged valves, or valves with a diameter of DN40 or less, the stem nuts are made of carbon steel? I remember that a few years ago, the nuts for valve stems were all made of copper alloys; in recent years, however, the nuts for valve stems on valves with a diameter of DN40 or less used in our unit have been made of carbon steel. Personally, I think carbon steel is not as good as copper in terms of performance. Please discuss; if there are relevant standards, kindly provide the standard number or a link.
There are relevant standards for this valve stem nut; for specific details, refer to the Practical Valve Design Manual