What are the main components of a water quality monitoring plan? Which environmental protection industry standards can be referred to when formulating such a plan?

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A monitoring plan is the overall concept and design for a monitoring task; when formulating it, it is necessary to first clarify the purpose of monitoring； Then, based on the investigation and research, the monitoring targets are identified, monitoring sites are arranged appropriately, and sampling times and frequencies are determined ； Finally, the sampling methods and analytical techniques are selected, requirements for monitoring reports are established, and quality assurance procedures, measures, as well as implementation plans are formulated. Specifically, the monitoring plan includes the following contents. (1) Clearly and specifically define the purpose of monitoring. (2) Determine the monitoring medium and monitoring items, and select the analysis methods accordingly. Once an analysis method is chosen, it should not be changed easily unless there are special reasons, in order to ensure the comparability of monitoring data. (3) Specify the sampling locations, methods, timing, and frequency, and assign responsibilities to specific individuals. (4) Identify the emission characteristics, natural environmental conditions, and population distribution, and use this information to determine the sampling equipment, transportation means, and routes. (5) Quantitative requirements should be established as much as possible for the monitoring results, such as the methods for presenting the results of monitoring items, the number of significant digits, and the decision-making process regarding suspicious data. For the monitoring of groundwater, reference can be made to the \"Technical Specifications for Groundwater Environmental Monitoring\" (HJ/T 164—2004) ； For the monitoring of surface water and wastewater, reference can be made to the \"Technical Specifications for the Monitoring of Surface Water and Wastewater\" (HJ/T 91—2002) ； In addition, the \"Technical Specifications for Monitoring the Total Amount of Water Pollution Discharges\" (HJ/T 92—2002) can be used as a reference. These industry standards are primarily applicable to water quality monitoring at national-controlled websites (monitoring wells) that submit data directly, as well as at provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government), municipal (prefectural), and county-level control points (monitoring wells); they should not be applied indiscriminately. Source: **Reference Material Network Resource Center www.rmhot.com