Synthesis of ternary cathode material precursors
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Currently, experiments are being conducted on the synthesis of precursors for nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode materials. The material solution consists of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in a ratio of 5:3:2; sodium hydroxide is used as the precipitant, ammonia water as the complexing agent, and nitrogen gas as the shielding gas. As there is no experience in synthesizing ternary materials, I hope experts can provide guidance on the specific synthesis process and any relevant details to pay attention to.
This field is highly specialized; it is recommended to contact various research institutions, including those at universities.
The conventional cathode material for batteries is lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO2. The ternary material, on the other hand, is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, Li(NiCoMn)O2. Precursor products for these ternary composite cathode materials are made from nickel salts, cobalt salts, and manganese salts; the ratio of nickel to cobalt to manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs. Batteries using ternary materials as cathodes are safer compared to those using lithium cobalt oxide, but their voltage threshold is too low. As a result, they exhibit significant capacity limitations when used in mobile phones (whose cutoff voltage is generally around 3.4V). Currently, ternary material batteries are already being used in some cheap mobile phones, especially those with higher capacity. Lithium iron phosphate has a low capacity, making it unsuitable for the requirements of smartphone batteries that demand high energy output. Application scope: Power batteries, small-sized electric products. Product features: Low cost, high specific capacity (>150 mAh/g), operating voltage compatible with existing electrolytes (4.1 V), and good safety. Common ratios: The common nickel-cobalt-manganese ratios are 424, 333, 523, 701, 515, and 1C. The specific capacity, as measured using samples provided by Henan Siwei, is 145, 147, 155, and 165 respectively. The compression values used in manufacturing are 3, 4, 3.5, 3.3, and 3.2 respectively. The biggest obstacle to the use of ternary materials in mobile phones in China is the so-called discharge plateau. Traditionally, it was believed that the time during which the voltage dropped from 4.2V to 3.6V determined how long a phone could operate; in fact, many modern phones shut down at voltages of 3.3V or even 3.0V. In Japan and South Korea, such a discharge plateau does not exist. Compared to lithium cobalt oxide, the energy density of ternary materials needs to be improved. Japan claims that its ternary materials have an energy density similar to that of lithium cobalt oxide, meaning that their compression values are close to those of lithium cobalt oxide; however, there is still a gap in China. If the compression values can be improved, then thanks to cost advantages and better safety characteristics, ternary materials will be able to replace lithium cobalt oxide. For reference only
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Haha, we’re in the same field – I do this as well; I’m currently a graduate student. It’s very important to wash it several times after aging. . .
There are quite a few manufacturers working on this at present, but they all keep it relatively confidential. Our company specializes in drying of this type of material; from what we’ve learned, the materials used by different companies seem to vary somewhat – some companies, even when using the same type of ternary material, have several different batch numbers
In factories that produce ternary precursors, the sulfate concentration is generally 2 mol/L