Regarding the \"Access Requirements for the Chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) Industry\", what should be the economic scale of caustic soda production facilities?
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This post was last edited by sunjl1981 on 2013-1-6 23:56. Regarding the \"Access requirements for the chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry\", what should be the economic scale of caustic soda production facilities? Should the threshold for caustic soda plants be determined by the market or by scale? # ， ， &
The chlorine produced by caustic soda is not suitable for long-distance transportation. It depends on the local demand for these things.
The economic scale of caustic soda production facilities is certainly determined by **; the entry requirements for such facilities are, of course, based on market conditions. The regulatory guidelines set out in the \"Access Requirements for the Chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) Industry\" are also guided by market and price factors
2007, No. 74: In order to curb the uncontrolled expansion of the chlor-alkali industry, promote the upgrading of its industrial structure, and regulate its development, in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and industrial policy requirements, our committee, in conjunction with relevant departments, has formulated the \"Access Requirements for the Chlor-Alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) Industry\", which are hereby announced. Relevant departments shall rely on these access requirements in carrying out tasks such as investment management, land supply, environmental assessment, credit financing, and power supply for chlor-alkali production projects. Appendix: Admission Requirements for the Chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) Industry
National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China
November 2, 2007
Appendix: Admission Requirements for the Chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) Industry
To promote the stable and healthy development of the chlor-alkali industry, prevent low-level redundant construction, and enhance the industry’s overall competitiveness, in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and industrial policies, and following the principles of sustainable development such as \"optimizing layout, developing in an orderly manner, adjusting the structure, saving energy, protecting the environment, ensuring safe production, and advancing technology\", the following admission requirements are set forth for the chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry. I. Industrial Layout (1) New chlor-alkali production enterprises should be located near sources of raw materials and energy, enjoy favorable environmental and transportation conditions, and be in line with the regional development plans for the chlor-alkali industry as well as the overall land use plans. Except for enterprises relocating, no new calcium carbide-based PVC production projects or the associated caustic soda projects will be established in the eastern region in principle. (II) The construction of new calcium carbide-based polyvinyl chloride and caustic soda production facilities is prohibited in scenic spots, nature reserves, drinking water source protection areas, and other areas that require special protection as designated by the State Council, relevant departments, and the people’s governments of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government); within 2 kilometers outside the boundaries of urban planning areas; along the banks of major rivers, as well as on both sides of highways, railways, and main waterways; within 1 kilometer around residential areas and other enterprises that produce food, pharmaceuticals, sanitary products, precision manufacturing products, etc., where strict pollution control is required; **as well as within the environmental protection and safety protection distances specified locally. II. Scale, Technology, and Equipment (1) To meet the requirements regarding energy conservation, environmental protection, and comprehensive resource utilization, as well as to achieve reasonable economies of scale, the initial capacity of new caustic soda production facilities must be 300,000 tons per year or more (except for projects involving the relocation of existing enterprises); the initial capacity of new or upgraded polyvinyl chloride production facilities must also be 300,000 tons per year or more. (II) For newly built, renovated, or expanded calcium carbide-based PVC production projects, facilities for the comprehensive utilization of calcium carbide slag, such as those for producing cement from calcium carbide slag, must be constructed simultaneously. The production capacity of such cement production facilities must be 2,000 tons per day or more. The scale of the calcium carbide slag cement production facility installed alongside existing calcium carbide-based PVC production plants must be 1,000 tons per day or more. New PVC production facilities using the calcium carbide process are encouraged to be equipped with large-scale, enclosed calcium carbide furnace systems in order to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources. (III) The use of ordinary metal anodes, graphite anodes, and mercury-cell electrolyzers is prohibited in the construction of new and upgraded caustic soda production facilities. The adoption of energy-efficient metal-anode diaphragm electrolyzers with a surface area of over 30 square meters (using technologies such as expanded anodes, modified diaphragms, active cathodes, and small pole distances), as well as ion-exchange membrane electrolyzers, is encouraged. The adoption of the ethylene oxychlorination method for PVC production is encouraged as a replacement for the calcium carbide method; meanwhile, the development and technological upgrading of technologies related to the calcium carbide-based PVC process, such as dry-process acetylene production, large-scale converters, pressure swing adsorption, and mercury-free catalysts, are also encouraged. New cement production facilities using calcium carbide slag are encouraged to adopt the new dry-process cement production technology. III. Energy Consumption (1) Standards for energy consumption per unit of output for newly built, renovated, or expanded caustic soda production facilities The threshold values for energy consumption per unit of output for such facilities include the overall energy consumption as well as the electrical power consumption in the electrolysis units; these threshold values must meet the following requirements. Admission values for the unit energy consumption limit of newly built, renovated, or expanded caustic soda production facilities: Product specification – quality fraction (%); Comprehensive energy consumption admission value (kilograms of standard coal per ton); AC power consumption admission value for the electrolysis unit (kWh per ton). Values apply as follows: ≤12 months, ≤24 months, ≤36 months; ≤12 months, ≤24 months, ≤36 months. For caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method: ≥30.0, ≤350, ≤360, ≤370, ≤2340, ≤2390, ≤2450. For caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method with a higher purity: ≥45.0, ≤490, ≤510, ≤530. For solid caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method: ≥98.0, ≤750, ≤780, ≤810. For caustic soda produced by the diaphragm method: ≥30.0, ≤800, ≤2450. For caustic soda produced by the diaphragm method with a higher purity: ≥42.0, ≤950. For solid caustic soda produced by the diaphragm method: ≥95.0, ≤1100. Note 1: The comprehensive energy consumption values for caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method and the AC power consumption values for the electrolysis unit are evaluated in stages according to the values listed in the table. After 36 months since the commissioning of a new facility, these admission values remain in effect for another 36 months. Note 2: The allowable value for AC power consumption in the caustic soda electrolysis units using the diaphragm method listed in the table refers to the standard applicable when the current density in metal-anode diaphragm electrolyzers is 1700 A/m2. It is also stipulated that for every increase or decrease of 100 A/m2 in the current density, the AC power consumption per unit of product in the caustic soda electrolysis unit increases or decreases by 44 kWh/ton. (II) Energy consumption standards per unit of output for existing caustic soda production facilities: The limits on energy consumption per unit of output for existing caustic soda production plants include the overall energy consumption as well as the electrical power consumption in the electrolysis unit, and these limits must meet the following requirements. Energy consumption limits per unit of output for existing caustic soda production facilities: Product specification – Quality fraction (%); Comprehensive energy consumption limit (kg of standard coal per ton); AC power consumption limit for electrolysis units (kWh per ton). For caustic soda produced by ion exchange membrane method: ≥30.0, ≤500, ≤2490; for caustic soda produced by ion exchange membrane method with a quality fraction of ≥45.0: ≤600. For solid caustic soda produced by ion exchange membrane method: ≥98.0, ≤900. For caustic soda produced by diaphragm method: ≥30.0, ≤980, ≤2570; for caustic soda produced by diaphragm method with a quality fraction of ≥42.0: ≤1200. For solid caustic soda produced by diaphragm method: ≥95.0, ≤1350. Note: The AC power consumption limit values for the electrolysis units in the case of caustic soda production using the diaphragm method refer to the standards applicable when the current density in the metal-anode diaphragm electrolyzer is 1700 A/m2. It is also stipulated that for every increase or decrease of 100 A/m2 in the current density, the AC power consumption per unit of product in the caustic soda electrolysis unit increases or decreases by 44 kWh/ton. (III) For newly built, renovated, or expanded calcium carbide-based PVC production facilities, the calcium carbide consumption should be less than 1,420 kilograms per ton (calculated at 300 liters per kilogram). The ethylene consumption in a newly built PVC plant using the ethylene oxychlorination process should be less than 480 kilograms per ton. (IV) Promote the concept of a circular economy to improve energy efficiency in the chlor-alkali industry. In accordance with **relevant regulations and management measures, cogeneration facilities shall be developed and direct power purchasing shall be carried out to improve energy utilization efficiency. IV. Safety, Health, and Environmental Protection: New construction, as well as renovation and expansion of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production facilities, must be designed by **recognized, qualified design firms, and environmental, health, and safety assessments must be carried out by qualified organizations. It is necessary to strictly comply with all relevant national, industry, and local regulations and standards, as well as to establish sound internal management systems. Waste mercury-containing materials such as mercury-contaminated catalysts, mercury-contaminated activated carbon, mercury-containing waste acids, and mercury-containing wastewater generated by calcium carbide-based PVC production facilities must be subject to strict compliance with the regulations regarding hazardous waste, and close monitoring must be carried out. Newly established, as well as those undergoing renovation or expansion, caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production facilities must meet all the requirements specified in the \"Evaluation Index System for Clean Production of Caustic Soda/Polyvinyl Chloride\" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission. PVC production enterprises using the calcium carbide process must have measures in place for the recovery and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbide slag; the dumping or landfilling of such slag is prohibited. V. Supervision and Management (1) In accordance with the relevant regulations on investment management, strict control shall be exercised over the approval, authorization, or registration procedures for new construction, renovation, and expansion projects related to caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride. Such projects must comply strictly with the relevant regulations regarding safety permits, environmental impact assessments, land use, as well as project registration or authorization. (II) Before new construction, renovation, or expansion of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production facilities are put into operation, they must undergo inspections by a joint inspection team composed of regulatory agencies at the provincial level or above responsible for investment, land use, environmental protection, safety, quality control, etc., as well as relevant experts, in accordance with the requirements set out in these admission criteria. Trial production is not permitted until these criteria are met. If, upon inspection, the requirements for admission are not met, the party concerned shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time frame. (III) For new, renovated, or expanded caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production projects that do not meet these entry requirements, land administration departments shall not provide land, safety supervision departments shall not issue safety permits, environmental protection departments shall not grant environmental approval, financial institutions shall not provide credit support, and power supply companies shall cease power supply in accordance with the law. The local people’s authorities **or the relevant regulatory bodies may decide, in accordance with the law, to revoke the project or order a suspension of its construction. (IV) The competent departments in charge of the chlor-alkali industry in various provinces (regions, municipalities) should strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure that chlor-alkali production enterprises comply with these access requirements. The China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association and the China Chlor-alkali Industry Association should actively promote and implement **industry policies, strengthen self-discipline within the industry, and assist **the relevant authorities in carrying out industry supervision and management. VI. Supplementary Provisions (1) These admission requirements apply to all types of chlor-alkali production enterprises within the People’s Republic of China (excluding Taiwan, **, and Macao). (II) These admission requirements shall come into effect as of December 1, 2007, and shall be interpreted by the **Commission for Development and Reform. **The Development and Reform Commission will make revisions in light of the development trends in the chlor-alkali industry and **macro-control requirements.
National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China
November 2, 2007
Appendix: Admission Requirements for the Chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) Industry
To promote the stable and healthy development of the chlor-alkali industry, prevent low-level redundant construction, and enhance the industry’s overall competitiveness, in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and industrial policies, and following the principles of sustainable development such as \"optimizing layout, developing in an orderly manner, adjusting the structure, saving energy, protecting the environment, ensuring safe production, and advancing technology\", the following admission requirements are set forth for the chlor-alkali (caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride) industry. I. Industrial Layout (1) New chlor-alkali production enterprises should be located near sources of raw materials and energy, enjoy favorable environmental and transportation conditions, and be in line with the regional development plans for the chlor-alkali industry as well as the overall land use plans. Except for enterprises relocating, no new calcium carbide-based PVC production projects or the associated caustic soda projects will be established in the eastern region in principle. (II) The construction of new calcium carbide-based polyvinyl chloride and caustic soda production facilities is prohibited in scenic spots, nature reserves, drinking water source protection areas, and other areas that require special protection as designated by the State Council, relevant departments, and the people’s governments of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government); within 2 kilometers outside the boundaries of urban planning areas; along the banks of major rivers, as well as on both sides of highways, railways, and main waterways; within 1 kilometer around residential areas and other enterprises that produce food, pharmaceuticals, sanitary products, precision manufacturing products, etc., where strict pollution control is required; **as well as within the environmental protection and safety protection distances specified locally. II. Scale, Technology, and Equipment (1) To meet the requirements regarding energy conservation, environmental protection, and comprehensive resource utilization, as well as to achieve reasonable economies of scale, the initial capacity of new caustic soda production facilities must be 300,000 tons per year or more (except for projects involving the relocation of existing enterprises); the initial capacity of new or upgraded polyvinyl chloride production facilities must also be 300,000 tons per year or more. (II) For newly built, renovated, or expanded calcium carbide-based PVC production projects, facilities for the comprehensive utilization of calcium carbide slag, such as those for producing cement from calcium carbide slag, must be constructed simultaneously. The production capacity of such cement production facilities must be 2,000 tons per day or more. The scale of the calcium carbide slag cement production facility installed alongside existing calcium carbide-based PVC production plants must be 1,000 tons per day or more. New PVC production facilities using the calcium carbide process are encouraged to be equipped with large-scale, enclosed calcium carbide furnace systems in order to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources. (III) The use of ordinary metal anodes, graphite anodes, and mercury-cell electrolyzers is prohibited in the construction of new and upgraded caustic soda production facilities. The adoption of energy-efficient metal-anode diaphragm electrolyzers with a surface area of over 30 square meters (using technologies such as expanded anodes, modified diaphragms, active cathodes, and small pole distances), as well as ion-exchange membrane electrolyzers, is encouraged. The adoption of the ethylene oxychlorination method for PVC production is encouraged as a replacement for the calcium carbide method; meanwhile, the development and technological upgrading of technologies related to the calcium carbide-based PVC process, such as dry-process acetylene production, large-scale converters, pressure swing adsorption, and mercury-free catalysts, are also encouraged. New cement production facilities using calcium carbide slag are encouraged to adopt the new dry-process cement production technology. III. Energy Consumption (1) Standards for energy consumption per unit of output for newly built, renovated, or expanded caustic soda production facilities The threshold values for energy consumption per unit of output for such facilities include the overall energy consumption as well as the electrical power consumption in the electrolysis units; these threshold values must meet the following requirements. Admission values for the unit energy consumption limit of newly built, renovated, or expanded caustic soda production facilities: Product specification – quality fraction (%); Comprehensive energy consumption admission value (kilograms of standard coal per ton); AC power consumption admission value for the electrolysis unit (kWh per ton). Values apply as follows: ≤12 months, ≤24 months, ≤36 months; ≤12 months, ≤24 months, ≤36 months. For caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method: ≥30.0, ≤350, ≤360, ≤370, ≤2340, ≤2390, ≤2450. For caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method with a higher purity: ≥45.0, ≤490, ≤510, ≤530. For solid caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method: ≥98.0, ≤750, ≤780, ≤810. For caustic soda produced by the diaphragm method: ≥30.0, ≤800, ≤2450. For caustic soda produced by the diaphragm method with a higher purity: ≥42.0, ≤950. For solid caustic soda produced by the diaphragm method: ≥95.0, ≤1100. Note 1: The comprehensive energy consumption values for caustic soda produced by the ion exchange membrane method and the AC power consumption values for the electrolysis unit are evaluated in stages according to the values listed in the table. After 36 months since the commissioning of a new facility, these admission values remain in effect for another 36 months. Note 2: The allowable value for AC power consumption in the caustic soda electrolysis units using the diaphragm method listed in the table refers to the standard applicable when the current density in metal-anode diaphragm electrolyzers is 1700 A/m2. It is also stipulated that for every increase or decrease of 100 A/m2 in the current density, the AC power consumption per unit of product in the caustic soda electrolysis unit increases or decreases by 44 kWh/ton. (II) Energy consumption standards per unit of output for existing caustic soda production facilities: The limits on energy consumption per unit of output for existing caustic soda production plants include the overall energy consumption as well as the electrical power consumption in the electrolysis unit, and these limits must meet the following requirements. Energy consumption limits per unit of output for existing caustic soda production facilities: Product specification – Quality fraction (%); Comprehensive energy consumption limit (kg of standard coal per ton); AC power consumption limit for electrolysis units (kWh per ton). For caustic soda produced by ion exchange membrane method: ≥30.0, ≤500, ≤2490; for caustic soda produced by ion exchange membrane method with a quality fraction of ≥45.0: ≤600. For solid caustic soda produced by ion exchange membrane method: ≥98.0, ≤900. For caustic soda produced by diaphragm method: ≥30.0, ≤980, ≤2570; for caustic soda produced by diaphragm method with a quality fraction of ≥42.0: ≤1200. For solid caustic soda produced by diaphragm method: ≥95.0, ≤1350. Note: The AC power consumption limit values for the electrolysis units in the case of caustic soda production using the diaphragm method refer to the standards applicable when the current density in the metal-anode diaphragm electrolyzer is 1700 A/m2. It is also stipulated that for every increase or decrease of 100 A/m2 in the current density, the AC power consumption per unit of product in the caustic soda electrolysis unit increases or decreases by 44 kWh/ton. (III) For newly built, renovated, or expanded calcium carbide-based PVC production facilities, the calcium carbide consumption should be less than 1,420 kilograms per ton (calculated at 300 liters per kilogram). The ethylene consumption in a newly built PVC plant using the ethylene oxychlorination process should be less than 480 kilograms per ton. (IV) Promote the concept of a circular economy to improve energy efficiency in the chlor-alkali industry. In accordance with **relevant regulations and management measures, cogeneration facilities shall be developed and direct power purchasing shall be carried out to improve energy utilization efficiency. IV. Safety, Health, and Environmental Protection: New construction, as well as renovation and expansion of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production facilities, must be designed by **recognized, qualified design firms, and environmental, health, and safety assessments must be carried out by qualified organizations. It is necessary to strictly comply with all relevant national, industry, and local regulations and standards, as well as to establish sound internal management systems. Waste mercury-containing materials such as mercury-contaminated catalysts, mercury-contaminated activated carbon, mercury-containing waste acids, and mercury-containing wastewater generated by calcium carbide-based PVC production facilities must be subject to strict compliance with the regulations regarding hazardous waste, and close monitoring must be carried out. Newly established, as well as those undergoing renovation or expansion, caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production facilities must meet all the requirements specified in the \"Evaluation Index System for Clean Production of Caustic Soda/Polyvinyl Chloride\" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission. PVC production enterprises using the calcium carbide process must have measures in place for the recovery and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbide slag; the dumping or landfilling of such slag is prohibited. V. Supervision and Management (1) In accordance with the relevant regulations on investment management, strict control shall be exercised over the approval, authorization, or registration procedures for new construction, renovation, and expansion projects related to caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride. Such projects must comply strictly with the relevant regulations regarding safety permits, environmental impact assessments, land use, as well as project registration or authorization. (II) Before new construction, renovation, or expansion of caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production facilities are put into operation, they must undergo inspections by a joint inspection team composed of regulatory agencies at the provincial level or above responsible for investment, land use, environmental protection, safety, quality control, etc., as well as relevant experts, in accordance with the requirements set out in these admission criteria. Trial production is not permitted until these criteria are met. If, upon inspection, the requirements for admission are not met, the party concerned shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time frame. (III) For new, renovated, or expanded caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride production projects that do not meet these entry requirements, land administration departments shall not provide land, safety supervision departments shall not issue safety permits, environmental protection departments shall not grant environmental approval, financial institutions shall not provide credit support, and power supply companies shall cease power supply in accordance with the law. The local people’s authorities **or the relevant regulatory bodies may decide, in accordance with the law, to revoke the project or order a suspension of its construction. (IV) The competent departments in charge of the chlor-alkali industry in various provinces (regions, municipalities) should strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure that chlor-alkali production enterprises comply with these access requirements. The China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association and the China Chlor-alkali Industry Association should actively promote and implement **industry policies, strengthen self-discipline within the industry, and assist **the relevant authorities in carrying out industry supervision and management. VI. Supplementary Provisions (1) These admission requirements apply to all types of chlor-alkali production enterprises within the People’s Republic of China (excluding Taiwan, **, and Macao). (II) These admission requirements shall come into effect as of December 1, 2007, and shall be interpreted by the **Commission for Development and Reform. **The Development and Reform Commission will make revisions in light of the development trends in the chlor-alkali industry and **macro-control requirements.