How to choose a metal oxide powder dispersant?

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How to choose a metal oxide powder dispersant? How to choose a dispersant for metal oxide powders (such as alumina)? The particle size of the powder is below 20 microns. Filled with silicone oil or silicone rubber. The particles in powders are generally spherical or spheroidally shaped. As the particle size decreases, the number of surface atoms increases, resulting in an increase in specific surface area. Observations under high-resolution electron microscopy reveal that the particle surface features an atomic arrangement, which is completely different from the layered structure of the bulk phase; it contains a large number of crystal defects such as twins, dislocations, and stacking faults. This results in a large number of dangling bonds and unsaturated bonds, thereby significantly increasing the particle’s surface area and the number of surface-active sites. This **increases its chemical reactivity, but it also leads to its chemical instability. The role of dispersion is to break this agglomeration. The ultimate goal of dispersion is to increase the filling amount.