Uses of acetic acid

Acetic acid is an important chemical intermediate and solvent for chemical reactions. The largest use is vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), which accounts for 40% of its production. VAM can be used to make protective coatings, adhesives and plastics. Preparation of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is the second largest and fastest growing use of acetic acid, followed by acetic anhydride, propyl acetate/butyl acetate, and ethyl acetate.

Acetic acid is widely used, especially as a solvent or raw material in chemical fiber production. The degree of dissociation of acetic acid is much weaker than that of inorganic acid, so its corrosiveness is weaker than that of inorganic acid. It is a weakly reducing organic acid. Acetic acid can passivate or activate passivating metals, depending on its concentration, temperature and impurities.

Just kidding, can acetic acid be used to make vinegar? Is the vinegar we usually eat made from acetic acid produced from methanol?

In principle, it is feasible. Just dilute it. In principle, it is not feasible. The index requirements of industrial-grade acetic acid and food-grade acetic acid are different. However, some unscrupulous traders purchase acetic acid from some small acetic acid plants (mostly recycled acid) to blend, and then sell it as edible vinegar. Therefore, when buying edible vinegar, you must buy it with formal packaging and production batch numbers.

Glacial acetic acid is one of the most important organic acids. It is mainly used in vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, cellulose acetate, acetate and metal acetates. It is also used as a solvent and raw material in pesticides, pharmaceuticals and dye industries. It is widely used in photographic pharmaceutical manufacturing, fabric printing and dyeing and rubber industry. Glacial acetic acid is one of the important organic chemical raw materials and plays an important role in the organic chemical industry. Acetic acid is widely used in synthetic fibers, coatings, medicines, pesticides, food additives, dyeing and weaving industries, and is an important part of the national economy. Glacial acetic acid is divided into two types according to its use: industrial and edible. Edible glacial acetic acid can be used as a sour agent and flavoring agent. Synthetic edible vinegar can be produced. Acetic acid is diluted with water to a concentration of 4-5%, and various flavorings are added to obtain edible vinegar. Its style The taste is similar to that of brewed vinegar. It is often used in tomato sauce, mayonnaise, drunk rice sugar sauce, pickles, cheese, confectionery products, etc. When used, it can be diluted appropriately and can also be used to make canned tomatoes, asparagus, baby food, sardines, squid, etc., and When used as food spices, pickles, broth soups, cold drinks, and sour cheese need to be diluted to make soft drinks, cold drinks, candies, baked goods, puddings, gum candies, condiments, etc. As a sour agent, it can be used to prepare drinks, cans, etc. The concentrations of glacial acetic acid commonly used for washing are 28%, 56%, and 99% respectively. If you buy glacial acetic acid, add 28CC of glacial acetic acid to 72CC of water to get 28% acetic acid. More commonly, it is sold at a concentration of 56%. This is because acetic acid of this concentration only needs to be added with the same amount of water to get 28% acetic acid. Acetic acid with a concentration of 28% will damage acetate fiber and denar fiber. Oxalic acid is one of the strong acids in organic acids. In the acidic solution of potassium permanganate, oxalic acid is easily oxidized to generate carbon dioxide and water. Oxalic acid can neutralize with alkalis to generate oxalates. The same is true for acetic acid. 28% acetic acid is volatile, and after evaporation, the fabric is neutral.； Just like ammonia neutralizes acids, 28% acetic acid can neutralize alkalis. Alkalis can also cause discoloration. Discoloration can be restored with an acid such as 28% acetic acid. This acid is also commonly used to reduce yellow stains caused by tannin complexes, tea, coffee, fruit juice, soft drinks and beer. When removing these stains, 28% acetic acid can be used to the maximum extent when used with water and a neutral lubricant.

One of the most important organic chemical raw materials, mainly due to the synthesis of products such as vinyl acetate, acetate ester, acetate and chloroacetic acid, it is an important raw material for synthetic fibers, adhesives, medicines, pesticides and dyes. It is also an excellent organic solvent and is also widely used in plastics, rubber, printing and other industries.

We use acetic acid cracking to produce ethylene and diene.

Acetic acid is one of the important organic chemical raw materials, mainly used in the production of vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, cellulose acetate, acetates, chloroacetic acid and acetates, etc. Another important use is as a solvent in PTA production. Acetic acid can be widely used in chemical industry, light industry, textile, medicine, printing and dyeing, rubber, pesticides, photographic drugs, electronics, food and other sectors, and its derivatives number in the hundreds.

Properties of acetic acid 1. Physical properties The main component of vinegar is acetic acid (ordinary vinegar contains about 6% to 8% acetic acid). Acetic acid is also called acetic acid. When the temperature is lower than its melting point (16.63°C), it condenses into ice-like crystals, so it is also called glacial acetic acid. Molecular formula CH3COOH, often abbreviated as HAc, molecular weight 60. The concentration of glacial acetic acid is 17mol/L, and the general acetic acid concentration is 6mol/L. Common acetic acid is a colorless, transparent liquid with a pungent odor. It is corrosive and miscible with water, ethanol, and ether. The relative density is 1.049g/cm3, the melting point (glacial acetic acid) is 16.6℃, and the boiling point is 117.9℃. The explosion limit is 4~17%. The allowable concentration in the air is 25ppm, 65mg/m3. 2. Chemical Properties Acetic acid has the typical properties of carboxylic acid, which are mainly manifested in the following two aspects:: ①Acidic acetic acid has obvious acidity and can ionize to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. It is almost non-conductive when it is anhydrous. When diluted with water, the ionization degree increases, and the H+ ion concentration also increases. However, when diluted below 2mol/L, the ionization degree still increases slowly, while the H+ concentration slowly decreases. It is a weak acid that reacts with carbonate to form carbon dioxide. The ionization constant Ki of acetic acid is 1.8×10-5 (25℃), and its acidity is stronger than that of carbonic acid (the first-level Ki is 4.3×10-7 at 25℃). Acetic acid has acid properties. For example, it can turn blue litmus paper red ； It can react with metals, as well as with alkali, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. CH3COOH+NaOH→CH3COONa+H2O 2CH3COOH+Na2CO3→2CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O CH3COOH+NaHCO3→CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O ②Esterification reaction Acetic acid and ethanol are heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fragrant ethyl acetate. Using oxygen isotope tracing, it can be known that during the above-mentioned esterification reaction, the hydroxyl group in the acetic acid molecule combines with the hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl group of the alcohol molecule to form water, and the remaining parts combine to form ester. The reaction between acid and alcohol to form ester and water is called esterification. Esterification reaction is a reversible reaction. Not only organic acids can undergo esterification reaction, but also inorganic acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid can also undergo esterification reaction with alcohols. For example, the ester produced by the reaction of concentrated nitric acid and glycerol is called nitroglyceride, which is the * * of raw materials. ③Chlorination reaction: CH3COOH+Cl2→CClH2COOH+HCl ④Dehydration reaction, 2 molecules of acetic acid are dehydrated to form acetic anhydride: 2CH3COOH→(CH3CO)2+H2O 3. Uses Acetic acid has the typical properties of carboxylic acid. It can neutralize alkali metal hydroxides and form salts with active metals. These metal salts have important uses. Acetic acid can also produce various derivatives, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc., which can be used as an excellent solvent in the paint and paint industry. Cellulose acetate produced by the reaction between acetic anhydride and cellulose can be used to make films, spray paints, etc. It is also an indispensable chemical raw material for dyes, spices, pharmaceuticals and other industries, and is widely used as a solvent. Acetic acid is an important component of vinegar. It can also be used as a solvent and a raw material for making acetate, acetate (ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate), and vinylon fiber.

As an important organic chemical raw material, acetic acid is an important basic raw material in chemical, light industry, textile, pharmaceutical, pesticide and other industries. It is mainly used in the production of vinyl acetate, terephthalic acid, acetic anhydride, acetate, chloroacetic acid and other products. In addition to its use in the above product fields, acetic acid is also used in rayon, rubber, leather, food preservation and other fields.

A brief summary, please correct me if there are any shortcomings. → Vinyl acetate → Vinyl acetate derivatives → β-propiolactone → Used in organic synthesis → Sorbic acid → Potassium sorbate → Food additives → Ethylene → → Films, filters → Cellulose acetate → Textile bases, coatings → Acetylsalicylic acid → Medicine → Acetic anhydride → Acetylamino → Phenylethyl ether → Medicine → Coumarin → Flavor fixative → Acetylsalicylic acid → Catalysts, feed additives, coating additives → ethyl acetoacetate → organic synthesis, medicine, dyes, spices, catalysts, etc. → diethylene → → quinidine → dyes and medicines used in coatings and inks → dehydroacetic acid → food additives, medicine → medicine (antipyretic ice) → acetylinide oxide stabilizer, rubber vulcanization accelerator → dye intermediate acetic acid → → acetyl chloride─────── → organic synthesis, dyes, medicine → washing accelerator, Emulsion stabilizer, paper, textile glue → Hydroxymethylcellulose → Food industry → Methyl malonate─→ VB2 raw material → Malonic acid → ────── → Raw material for tranquillizer → Ethyl chloroacetate── → Organic synthesis, dyes, medicine → Octyl thioglycolate → PVC stabilizer → Chloroacetic acid → → Thioglycolic acid → → Sodium salt and ammonium salt are used as cold perm essence, and calcium salt is used as depilatory agent → Glycine─────→ Organic synthesis, food additives → Sarcosine────→ Detergents → Glycolic acid (glycolic acid) → Used in the manufacture of detergents, dyes, electroplating additives, synthetic intermediates → Cyanoacetic acid─────→ Pharmaceuticals, dye intermediates → 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D acid) ──→ Herbicides→ 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T acid) → Herbicides → Water treatment agents, chelating agents → Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) → → Bleach stabilizer → Methyl acetate───── → Ethyl acetate solvent, → Butyl acetate extractant, → Acetate → → Isopropyl acetate → Dyes and medicines, → Dimethylethylene glycol ether acetate synthetic fragrance, →Ethyl glycol ether acetate─ Textile auxiliaries →Butyl glycol ether acetate → Organic synthesis solvent → Solvent flux components → Ammonium acetate acetamide coating leather film → Plasticizer

Acetic acid Pinyin: yi suan alias: Acetic acid, glacial acetic acid Molecular formula: C2H4O2 (often abbreviated as HAc) molecular weight: 60.05 CAS registration number: 64-19-7 EINECS registration number: 200-580-7 O ‖ Molecular structure: CH3—C—O—H It is an organic compound and a typical fatty acid. It is recognized as the source of the sour and pungent smell in vinegar. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a freezing point of 16.7 °C (62 °F) and forms colorless crystals after solidification. Although acetic acid is a weak acid based on its ability to dissociate in aqueous solutions, acetic acid is corrosive and its vapors are irritating to the eyes and nose. Acetic acid is a simple carboxylic acid and an important chemical reagent. In the chemical industry, it is used to make polyethylene terephthalate, the main component of beverage bottles. Acetic acid is also used to make cellulose acetate for motion picture film and polyvinyl acetate in wood adhesives, as well as many synthetic fibers and fabrics. In households, dilute solutions of acetic acid are often used as descalers. In the food industry, acetic acid is a specified acidity regulator in the food additive list E260. Physical properties Melting point (℃): 16.7 Boiling point (℃): 118.1 Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar (ordinary vinegar contains about 6% to 8% acetic acid). Volatile. It is a colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor. The melting point is 16.6°C, the boiling point is 117.9°C, and the relative density is 1.0492. When the temperature is lower than its melting point, it condenses into ice crystals, so it is also called glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is easily soluble in water, ethanol and other organic solvents. The concentration of glacial acetic acid is 17mol/L, and the general acetic acid concentration is 6mol/L. Chemical properties Acetic acid has the typical properties of carboxylic acid, which are mainly manifested in the following two aspects: ① Acidic acetic acid has obvious acidity and can ionize some hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. It is a weak acid. The ionization constant Ki of acetic acid is 1.8×10-5 (25℃), and its acidity is stronger than that of carbonic acid (the first-level Ki is 4.3×10-7 at 25℃). Acetic acid has acid properties. For example, it can turn blue litmus paper red ； It can react with metals, as well as with alkali, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. CH3COOH+NaOH→CH3COONa+H2O 2CH3COOH+Na2CO3→2CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O CH3COOH+NaHCO3→CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O ② Esterification reaction Acetic acid and ethanol are heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fragrant ethyl acetate. Using oxygen isotope tracing, it can be known that during the above-mentioned esterification reaction, the hydroxyl group in the acetic acid molecule combines with the hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl group of the alcohol molecule to form water, and the remaining parts combine to form ester. The reaction between acid and alcohol to form ester and water is called esterification. Esterification reaction is a reversible reaction. Not only organic acids can undergo esterification reaction, but also inorganic acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid can also undergo esterification reaction with alcohols. For example, the ester produced by the reaction of concentrated nitric acid and glycerol is called nitroglyceride, which is the * * of raw materials. Acetic acid can neutralize alkali metal hydroxides and form salts with active metals. These metal salts have important uses. Acetic acid can also produce various derivatives, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc., which can be used as an excellent solvent in the paint and paint industry. Cellulose acetate produced by the reaction between acetic anhydride and cellulose can be used to make films, spray paints, etc. It is also an indispensable raw material for dyes, spices, pharmaceuticals and other industries, and is widely used as a solvent. It can also be used as a solvent and raw material for preparing acetate, acetate (ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate) and vinylon fiber. Acetic acid is almost non-conductive when it is anhydrous. When diluted with water, the ionization degree increases, and the H+ ion concentration also increases. However, when diluted below 2 mol/L, the ionization degree still slowly increases, while the H+ concentration slowly decreases. Carbon dioxide is produced when reacting with carbonate, indicating that its acidity is stronger than carbonic acid and has the properties of a weak acid. It can undergo esterification reaction with alcohol and requires concentrated sulfuric acid and heating. It can be used to synthesize various acetic acid fruity ester flavors. ； Reacts with acetylene in a zinc acetate catalyst at 170-250°C to produce vinyl acetate, which can be polymerized into polyvinyl acetate, which can be used as latex and vinylon fiber.: CH≡CH+CH3COOH→CH3COOCH=CH2 dehydrates under certain conditions to generate ethylene, which then reacts with acetic acid to generate acetic anhydride.: CH3COOH→CH2=C=O+H2O esterifies with cellulose to form cellulose acetate, which is used to make photographic negatives and film films.: In addition, medicines such as chloroacetic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, acetanilide, etc. can be synthesized. ignite oxidation reaction: ＣCH3COOH＋2O2＝＝＝＝＝2CO2＋2H2O The main preparation methods are:: ① Acetaldehyde catalytic oxidation method: ② Methanol low pressure carbonylation method (Monsanto method): CH3OH+CO→CH3COOH ③ Lower alkane or alkene liquid phase oxidation method: 2C4H10+5O2→4CH3COOH+2H2O Each of the above reactions requires a catalyst and appropriate temperature and pressure. In addition to the synthesis method, there is also the fermentation method. In my country, rice or wine is used to brew acetic acid. Acetic acid was originally produced by fermentation and wood distillation. Now it is generally produced by the oxidation of ethanol or acetaldehyde. In recent years, it is produced through catalysis and oxidation using butane as raw material (cobalt acetate is used as the catalyst, and after air oxidation, the acetic acid obtained is a mixture containing homo, aldehydes, alcohols, etc.). Impact on the environment: 1. Invasion routes of health hazards: Inhalation, ingestion, transdermal absorption. health hazards: It is irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory tract after inhalation. Strongly irritating to eyes. Skin contact may cause erythema in mild cases and chemical burns in severe cases. If you accidentally take concentrated acetic acid, erosion may occur in the mouth and digestive tract, and in severe cases, death may occur due to shock. chronic effects: Eyelid edema, conjunctival hyperemia, chronic pharyngitis and bronchitis. Long-term and repeated exposure can cause skin dryness, degreasing and dermatitis. 2. Toxicological information and environmental behavioral toxicity: It is of low toxicity. acute toxicity: LD503530mg/kg (rat oral); 1060mg/kg (rabbit transdermal); LC505620ppm, 1 hour (mouse inhalation); human oral 1.47mg/kg, the lowest toxic dose, causing gastrointestinal symptoms; human oral 20-50g, lethal dose. Subacute and chronic toxicity: People who inhale 200~490mg/m3×7~12 years will suffer from eyelid edema, conjunctival congestion, chronic pharyngitis and bronchitis. mutagenicity: Microbial mutagenicity: E. coli 300ppm (3 hours). sister chromatid exchange: Human lymphocytes 5mmlo/L. reproductive toxicity: The lowest oral toxic dose in rats (TDL0): 700mg/kg (18 days, postpartum) has an impact on the behavior of newborn rats. rat * * The lowest toxic dose (TDL0): 400mg/kg (1 day, male) has an impact on male fertility index. Hazardous properties: Its vapor forms an explosive mixture with air, which can cause combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames or high heat. Can react with strong oxidizing agents. Combustion (decomposition) products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. Acetic acid is an extremely important chemical product. Its status in organic chemistry is equivalent to that of sulfuric acid in inorganic chemistry. The main uses of acetic acid are: 　　(1) Vinyl acetate. The largest consumption area of ​​acetic acid is the production of vinyl acetate, accounting for more than 44% of acetic acid consumption. It is widely used in the production of vinylon, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl copolymer resin, adhesives, coatings, etc. 　　(2) Solvent. Acetic acid is used as a solvent in many industrial chemical reactions. 　　(3) Cellulose acetate. Acetic acid can be used to make acetic anhydride, 80% of acetic anhydride is used to make acetate fiber, and the rest is used in medicine, spices, dyes, etc. 　　(4) Acetate. Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate are two important downstream products of acetic acid. Ethyl acetate is used in varnishes, thinners, artificial leather, nitrocellulose, plastics, dyes, drugs and spices, etc. ； Butyl acetate is a good organic solvent used in nitrocellulose, coatings, inks, artificial leather, medicine, plastics and spices.

Its downstream product, ethyl acetate, has very good benefits and the market has been good.

Acetic acid has more and more uses, please update. come on,

The chart above is pretty good and basically covers the downstream of acetic acid.

Acetic anhydride, vinyl acetate, acetate esters