Reuse treatment methods for reclaimed water

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Based on the methods currently in use, they can be roughly divided into 4 categories: (1) Biological treatment methods, which utilize microorganisms in water to adsorb and oxidize/decompose the organic substances in wastewater; these include both aerobic and anaerobic microbial treatments, with aerobic treatment being more commonly used. (2) Physicochemical treatment methods: These rely on a combination of coagulation sedimentation (air flotation) techniques and activated carbon adsorption. Compared to traditional secondary treatment, they improve water quality, but the operating costs are higher. (3) Membrane separation technology employs ultrafiltration (microfiltration) or reverse osmosis membranes; its advantage is a high removal rate of SS, and it requires much less space compared to traditional secondary treatment processes. (4) The integration of biological treatment methods with membrane separation technology yields a new technology for reclaimed water reuse: the membrane bioreactor (MBR). This system features stable water quality in the output stream, low operating costs, simple operation, and easy maintenance, with the water quality meeting all the standards for **reclaimed water reuse**