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Indicator function of microorganisms (1): When there are many ciliates attached, the treatment effect is good, with low BOD5 and turbidity in the effluent. (Species such as Microcosmus, Octocosmus, Fissicosmus, Plicatocosmus, Botryocosmus, Microdiscus, and Monosphaera) These species of the order Ciliophora are attached to flocs and move along with them; among them are also some crawling organisms such as Rhabdophora, Peritrichia, Dinoflagellates, and Brevicollidae, which indicates high-quality and mature activated sludge. (2) Ostreidae are often the dominant species when domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater are well treated. (3) If a large number of flagellates are present while there are few attached ciliates, it indicates poor purification. (4) The appearance of a large number of freely swimming ciliates indicates that the purification effect is poor, and the turbidity of the effluent increases. (5) If flagellates with stalks such as rotifers, bradynuclids, coccolithophores, rotifers, and oligochaetes are present, the water quality is good and clear, with a phenol removal rate of over 90%. (6) The massive appearance of root feet worms is often a sign of sludge poisoning. (7) In domestic wastewater treatment, an excessive presence of Rhabdocoela is a sign of sludge bulking and flocculation breakdown. (8) In textile printing and dyeing wastewater, Reticularia serves as an indicator organism for normal or improved sludge conditions. (9) The appearance of rotifers in oil wastewater treatment is an ideal outcome. (10) An excess of rotifers is a sign that the sludge is about to expand. In some sludges where protozoa cannot thrive, the treatment effectiveness is primarily determined by the size and quantity of bacterial flocs. Amoeba. As the name suggests, an amoeba is capable of changing shape. However, this deformation also has its limits. Some species of amoebas can extend pseudopods outward to detect the chemical composition in the water and determine their direction of movement. And some species simply do not have pseudopods. When hunting, they cover their prey and wrap it up, thus creating a food bubble that can digest and absorb the prey. Most amoebas are harmless to humans, but several species can cause diseases in humans: amoebic dysentery, which mainly occurs in poor areas. 1. Amoebas have a wide range of food sources; single-celled algae, bacteria, small protozoa, fungi, and organic debris are all among their foods. Amoebas are highly resilient and can form a cyst (a dormant form) to survive in difficult conditions. 2. Food vesicles in motion. These vesicles are filled with enzymes that are used to digest prey. The digestion process can be easily observed under a microscope. Food vacuole: A structure for storing food. Nucleus: The cell’s nucleus. 3. The structure at the tail end of amoebas; not all species of amoebas have such a tail end. 4, 5. In the order Heliozoa, the round structure is the nucleus, while the outer part of the cell contains many large vacuoles. 6 paramecium are sharing a meal. But soon one of them gave away the food, and then the two of them parted ways. 7 Paramecium 1 Paramecium 2 Rotifer 5 Brachiopod Brachiopod 1 Swimming ciliate 3 Attached ciliate 3 Last edited by nfpv on 2007-12-17 00:40]