Factory CO2 exhaust gas

It can be used to produce liquid carbon dioxide for fire extinguishers or beverages, or it can also be considered for use in carbon dioxide-based polymers.

Recycling can be considered; for example, it can be used as a charging gas in generators that produce CO, O2, and water gas, which helps to reduce costs while also meeting environmental and energy-saving requirements.

Many companies use excess CO2 to produce dry ice, which is then sold to carbonated beverage manufacturers

First, there needs to be a concept of quantity; next, it is necessary to determine whether the factory’s products and intermediates can be utilized; additionally, it is important to check if there are related projects in the surrounding areas. Otherwise, it’s strange if they don’t compensate.

Think about whether it’s possible to recycle it! The methane-carbon dioxide reforming reaction, which is being developed very well these days, could be considered for this purpose!

With current carbon dioxide utilization technologies, they can be defined as “environment-friendly devices”. Then why don’t chemical plants make use of carbon dioxide today? One reason is that the incentive represented by profits is too small; another reason is that the technology for converting it into secondary products is not yet mature, or rather, it’s \"impossible\" (because the costs associated with such conversion are too high to even consider it).

Uses of carbon dioxide in factories: 1. Tobacco fluffing agent. Traditional tobacco fluffing agents are made from Freon, but Freon damages the ozone layer. China is one of the countries that have implemented a complete ban on the use of Freon, with such a ban taking effect by 2006. Liquid carbon dioxide is used in the swelling treatment of tobacco shreds, which allows for a savings of 5–6% in tobacco shreds per box of cigarettes and improves the quality of the tobacco shreds. Each box of cigarettes requires 30 Kg of carbon dioxide as a tobacco swelling agent. China produces around 20 million boxes of cigarettes per year; if 10% of them are treated with carbon dioxide for swelling, approximately 600,000 tons of carbon dioxide will be needed. If all cigarettes were to be treated in this way, 6 million tons of carbon dioxide would be required. Currently, seven facilities in the country use carbon dioxide as a swelling agent for tobacco shreds, and the prospects for using carbon dioxide in tobacco shred swelling are very promising. 2. Plant gas fertilizer: Under photosynthesis, plant chlorophyll absorbs carbon dioxide to form plant starch, which is a natural law of plant growth. By using carbon dioxide to create gaseous fertilizer and increasing the CO2 concentration in the environment where plants grow, the dry matter content of these plants can be increased, thereby achieving higher yields. The CO2 gas fertilizer, developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Dalian Chemical Industry Company, has been widely deployed in provinces such as Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang. Based on the extent of its adoption, the yield increase for vegetable crops using Da Zha method ranges from 20% to 60% per mu. The investment required to build a CO2 gas fertilizer production facility with an annual output of 3,000 to 5,000 tons (using highly pure liquid CO2 as raw material) is only in the tens of thousands of yuan, while the annual profit can reach millions of yuan. 3. Supercritical extraction: Currently, research institutions in China are able to use this technique to purify spermic acids from more than a hundred different organisms. It is particularly useful in the fields of biopharmaceuticals and food supplements, and several industrial units in China are already in operation for this purpose. 4. Beverage additives: Carbon dioxide can be used as an aerating additive in sodas, beer, cola, carbonated drinks, and similar products. The 10,000 tons per year of food-grade carbon dioxide produced by Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory is entirely supplied for use in Jianlibao beverages. Currently, the per capita consumption of beverages in the United States is 147 kilograms per year, while the global average is 21.3 kilograms per year. In our country, in 1998, the per capita consumption of beverages was only 4.5 kilograms per year. 5. Welding shielding gas: Carbon dioxide shielded welding is a widely recognized welding method that is efficient, low-cost, and time- and labor-saving; it also features low warpage, low sensitivity to oil and rust, crack resistance, and good density. Compared with manual arc welding, automatic CO2 gas shielded welding can increase efficiency by 2 to 5 times, while semi-automatic welding can increase it by 1 to 2 times, with energy consumption reduced by 50%. In our country, carbon dioxide gas shielded welding accounts for only 5% of all welding activities ； Developed **67% ； The global average is 23%, and the prospects for development are very optimistic. 6. Production of foam boards – Dow Chemical Company has used carbon dioxide as a substitute for the blowing agent used in conventional polystyrene foam boards, and has granted licenses for this new technology worldwide. This plate has a thickness of only 6–35 mm, causes little environmental pollution, and offers advantages such as reduced usage of blowing agents. 7. Fruits and vegetables preservatives: Natural oxygen reduction using carbon dioxide is a method widely used internationally for food preservation. Carbon dioxide gas preservation involves injecting high concentrations of carbon dioxide to reduce the oxygen level, thereby suppressing microbial respiration in fruits and vegetables and preventing the growth of pathogens; it is popular because it does not contain any chemical preservatives. Research conducted by South China Agricultural University shows that when lychees are stored using carbon dioxide, at a concentration of 15–30%, they can be preserved for 30–40 days while maintaining their original color and flavor. The eggs are placed in an environment with 30–40% carbon dioxide for 6–10 days; the carbon dioxide penetrates through the eggshell into the eggs, slowing down the formation of water-soluble proteins and thus achieving the purpose of preserving freshness. 8. Production of inorganic chemical products: Inorganic chemical products manufactured using carbon dioxide and metal or non-metal oxides as raw materials include lightweight MgCO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CaCO3, K2CO3, and BaCO3 ； Basic compounds such as PbCO3, Li2CO3, and MgO are primarily chemical raw materials that are widely used in industries such as metallurgy, chemicals, light industry, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and electronic machinery. 9. Borax: The pre-treated boromagnesite powder is mixed with sodium carbonate solution and heated; thereafter, carbon dioxide is introduced, and the reaction is carried out under pressure to produce borax. It is mainly used in the glass and ceramics industries. It is also widely used in industries such as metallurgy, chemicals, and machinery. 10. Organic chemical products: Dicyandiamide: is mainly used in the production of guanidine salts, as well as as a raw material for melamine and dyes, coatings, and adhesives. Salicylic acid: It is primarily used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dye, and fragrance industries, as well as a food additive. It is also employed as a rubber additive, an ultraviolet absorber, and a curing agent for phenol-formaldehyde resins. Methanol: TOPOSE Company has achieved industrial-scale production of methanol through the direct synthesis from carbon dioxide and H2. The Technical Research Institute of Tokyo Gas in Japan has developed a new technology for synthesizing methanol from carbon dioxide, the key to which is a new type of catalyst made from alumina along with copper and zinc. Formic acid and its derivatives: Using supercritical carbon dioxide as both solvent and reactant, CO2 and H2 can be used to efficiently synthesize formic acid in the presence of trimethylphosphine-based catalysts. Formic acid itself is not only a raw material for the production of acetic acid as well as fragrances and pharmaceuticals, but it can also be decomposed into CO2 and H2 when heated; therefore, this method allows for the storage of H2 in a very convenient and safe manner. 11. Carbon dioxide injection and displacement oil production: Injecting carbon dioxide into the oil reservoir allows crude oil to be displaced through various mechanisms. Under reservoir conditions, when carbon dioxide begins to come into contact with crude oil, phase mixing generally does not occur; however, a phase-mixed front similar to that in a dry gas flooding process can be formed. Phase mixing becomes possible once carbon dioxide has extracted a large amount of heavy hydrocarbon components (C5–C30). Under different reservoir pressure and temperature conditions, CO2 flooding behaves similarly to gas-rich flooding. The injected carbon dioxide not only increases the pressure in the oil reservoir but also helps to improve the oil recovery rate. The mechanism is as follows: A. Reducing the viscosity of crude oil: When carbon dioxide saturates the crude oil, its viscosity is significantly reduced; the higher the original viscosity of the crude oil, the greater the reduction, which can generally go down to 0.1–0.01 of the original value, thereby improving the fluidity of the crude oil. This is particularly evident in medium-viscosity heavy oil. B. Crude oil expansion: Carbon dioxide can dissolve fully in hydrocarbons, and depending on the saturation pressure, temperature, and composition of the crude oil, it can increase its volume by 30–50%. As a result of crude oil expansion, the oil content within the pore spaces of the reservoir increases, which raises the pore pressure. Some of the residual oil is driven into the wells; even in areas where the rock is partially saturated with carbon dioxide, this improves its interfacial permeability, thereby increasing the oil displacement efficiency by 6–10%. Crude oil expansion is an important factor determining the efficiency of using carbon dioxide to enhance oil recovery in water-flooded reservoirs. C. Mixed-phase effect: Mixed phases are unlikely to form when carbon dioxide first comes into contact with most reservoir crude oils, but they do occur after multiple contacts. The corresponding pressure is the mixed-phase pressure; at this point, carbon dioxide acts like a conventional solvent for oil displacement, which is known as mixed-phase flooding. If carbon dioxide is injected into a water-flooded oil reservoir, an oil plug will form in the water zone ahead of the carbon dioxide front, separating it from the oil-bearing zone. Laboratory experiments have shown that, under certain conditions, the oil displacement efficiency can reach 100%. D. Increasing injection capacity: The mixture of carbon dioxide and water is slightly acidic and reacts accordingly with the formation matrix rocks. In sandstone, as the pH value decreases, carbonic acid stabilizes clay minerals; the resulting carbonates are soluble in water, which increases permeability and thereby enhances injection capacity. Furthermore, the injection of carbon dioxide can also reduce surface tension. Experiments show that for different crude oils, the interfacial tension between carbon dioxide and water injected can be reduced by more than 70%. In recent years, carbon dioxide flooding or oil recovery technologies have been widely used in secondary and tertiary oil recovery both domestically and internationally, giving rise to a set of supporting technologies. Since the 1950s, extensive research has been conducted abroad in laboratories and in the field on using carbon dioxide to increase oil recovery rates in oil-producing countries. This method has now become the fastest-growing technique for improving recovery rates, second only to thermal recovery; 12 oil fields in the United States have already begun to use carbon dioxide for this purpose. U.S. “EOR” production accounts for 12% of the total U.S. production, with a daily output of 12.084×104 m3; among this, the production resulting from carbon dioxide flooding is 2.846×104 m3 per day. From 1984 to 1989, the daily production volume of CO2 mixed-phase flooding increased from 4,976.7 m3 to 28,464.8 m3. The daily production of CO2 non-mixed-phase flooding decreased from 111.6 m3 to 15.1 m3 (in fact, production was halted as early as 1994). For the steam injection projects, the number of projects using carbon dioxide mixed-phase flooding was 40 in 1984, rising to 66 by 1998, while those using non-mixed-phase flooding decreased from 18 to 0. Eighteen states in the United States have implemented carbon dioxide injection programs, which have become one of the main sources of growth in crude oil production. In the Middle East, countries such as Hungary and Turkey have also begun to use gas injection (such as carbon dioxide) techniques on medium-viscosity heavy oil in order to improve oil field recovery rates. 12. As a refrigerant: Due to its fast cooling speed, good operational performance, and the fact that it does not wet or contaminate food, liquid CO2 and dry ice are widely used as refrigerants for freezing and storing various foods. Mixing dry ice slag directly with the items to be frozen can be used for the cold processing of certain workpieces. For example, molding rubber and dry ice are mixed together in a rotating drum; upon cooling, the burrs and edges on the surface of the rubber become brittle, making it easy to grind and polish them as the drum rotates. Aluminum rivets soften when cooled with dry ice and harden again when returned to normal temperature, which helps improve the quality of riveting. Using liquid CO2 as a cooling medium for atomic reactors is more economical than using helium, and it avoids radioactive contamination. Furthermore, liquid CO2 can also be used to control the temperature of certain chemical reactions. Liquid CO2 or dry ice is also frequently used as a refrigerant in low-temperature surgery, low-temperature environment experiments, the fitting of cold-shrinking metal parts, and the quenching of steel castings. 13. As a pressure source, bottled liquid CO2 can be used to inflate lifeboats and life jackets. The high pressure generated by the heating and vaporization of liquid CO2 can be used for explosive mining. By injecting CO2 under pressure into rubber or plastic emulsions and then curing them after depressurization, porous foam products can be manufactured. Due to its low viscosity, liquid CO2 can be used as a substitute for water in transporting pulverized coal, as well as for pumping or transferring other liquid materials. Furthermore, high-pressure CO2 can also be used for remote painting or operating remote signal devices, etc. 14. Wastewater treatment: CO2 aqueous solution is a weak acid; using CO2 to neutralize the alkaline wastewater from factories is an inexpensive, non-toxic, non-corrosive, and simple method. The product is a carbonate, so no secondary pollution occurs. Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Company has been using it since 1980. 15. Polymerization and utilization technology: This technology was developed by Professor Meng Yuezhong from the Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It enables the transformation of CO2 from a waste substance into a valuable resource, making its industrial application possible. This CO2-to-plastic technology enables each gram of catalyst to catalyze 120–140 grams of CO2, which is twice the world average; the CO2 content in each ton of plastic reaches 42%, successfully reducing the cost per ton of plastic to 12,000 yuan. It is currently 1/3 to 1/4 of the price of plastic products. In recent years, the synthesis of polymer materials using greenhouse gas carbon dioxide as a monomer has received increasing attention. Currently, countries such as Japan, the United States, and Europe are intensifying research and development on biodegradable plastics and accelerating their practical application. It is estimated that the global production capacity for biodegradable plastics will reach 1.3 million tons per year within the next 10 years. As the production costs of carbon dioxide-degrading plastics decrease and their application areas continue to expand, these plastics will have broad market prospects, with their usage further increasing.

Recovery method: Compression -- Cooling to separate oil from water -- Desulfurization -- Compression and condensation to separate non-condensable gases -- Distillation to separate substances with high boiling points such as oil and water -- Further desulfurization -- Compression, condensation, and filling -- Loading the finished product onto vehicles.

First, identify the source of carbon dioxide in your plant; in principle, it can be recycled after dust and impurities are removed； After all, isn’t it the case that we are promoting energy conservation and emission reduction these days? Therefore, carbon dioxide from factories should be recycled and reused as much as possible.

You’ve written very thoroughly, which has helped me learn more. Thank you!!!!!!!!!!!

The 8th floor’s explanation is very comprehensive; it is possible to purify and produce food-grade CO2

It depends on how much you have; take into account what was said above and make a balanced decision

:lol. . . If you can, make use of it as much as possible

Dry ice can be produced, but the profit margin is relatively low. It can be used as food-grade carbon dioxide; the carbon dioxide in our factory is obtained through recycling and purification to serve as a raw material for carbonated beverages!