What do \"upper water\" and \"lower water\" mean? Thank you
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I noticed that in the classification of the water treatment industry, there are distinctions between upstream and downstream processes. What does that mean? Thank you
Upper water refers to supply water such as circulating water and fresh water, while lower water refers to wastewater such as oily sewage and domestic sewage
Urban water use is divided into potable water, reclaimed water, and wastewater. The tap water that people drink on a daily basis is known as potable water, while domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are collectively referred to as wastewater. Reused water falls between treated water and wastewater; it is wastewater that has been processed to meet specified quality standards. Although it cannot be drunk, it is relatively clean and can be utilized effectively, for example, as cooling water in thermal power plants, for washing cars, flushing toilets, and watering lawns. There are various definitions for reclaimed water; in sewage treatment projects it is referred to as \"reclaimed water\", while in industrial settings it is called \"recycled water\" or \"reused water\". Generally, water quality requirements serve as the criterion for making such distinctions. Currently, both domestically and internationally, the technology for reusing treated wastewater is mature; up to 80 tons of wastewater out of 100 tons can be reused as treated water.
Broadly, water treatment is divided into water treatment for supply and water treatment for discharge: Water treatment for supply – from water sources to qualified drinking water, as well as water for industrial (agricultural) use, etc； Wastewater treatment – various types of waste water (sewage) → treated water suitable for discharge. Additionally, there is reclaimed water that can be explained in various ways; it is referred to as “reused water” in sewage treatment projects, and as “recycled water” or “reused fluid” in industrial settings, with water quality requirements generally serving as the criterion for differentiation. Currently, the technology for reusing reclaimed water is already mature.
Thank you all for such timely, detailed, and clear explanations; I understand now!