What is the lowest S02 concentration for flue gas acid production?
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What is the lowest S02 concentration for flue gas acid production?
It depends on the conversion process, environmental requirements, and the tolerance for the costs associated with producing acid from flue gas. Reports indicate that when the concentration of flue gas undergoing conversion is 3.5%, thermal balance can be achieved by enhancing insulation measures for conversion (or internal heat exchange) and using a two-conversion-two-suction process. There is another factor to consider: a small amount of CO in the smelting flue gas is also beneficial for maintaining the heat balance of the conversion process.
The key is thermal balance – whether the converter catalyst bed can generate heat on its own. If a large amount of external heating is required to maintain it, it is not cost-effective.
Unsteady-state processes can be utilized, with a heat storage layer inside the heat exchanger
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The key lies in the process configuration for acid production and the condition of the equipment used. Of course, the concentration of sulfuric acid produced from smelting flue gases varies across different industries; for example, in zinc smelting, it becomes difficult to obtain sulfuric acid at concentrations below 3.5–4.0%.