Stainless steel materials and properties

Serial Number China Japan United States United Kingdom Germany France
1 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N SUS202 202,S20200 284S16 X12CrNi177 Z12CN17.07
2 1Cr17Ni7 SUS301 301,S30100 301S21 X12CrNi188 Z10CN18.09
3 1Cr18Ni9 SUS302 302,S30200 302S25 X5CrNi189 Z6CN18.09
4 0Cr18Ni9 SUS304 304,S30300 304S15 X2CrNi189 Z2CN18.09
5 00Cr19Ni10 SUS304L 304L,S30403 304S12 Z5CN18.09A2
6 0Cr19Ni9N SUS304N1 304N S30451 X2CrNiN1810 Z2CN18.10N
7 00Cr18Ni10N SUS304LN X5CrNi1911 Z8CN18.12
8 1Cr18Ni12 SUS305 305,S30500 305S19
9 0Cr23Ni13 SUS309S 309S,S30908
10 0Cr25Ni20 SUS310S 310S,S31008 X5CrNiMo1812 Z6CND17.12
11 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 SUS316 316,S3160 316S16 X2CrNiMo1812 Z2CND17.12
12 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 SUS316L 316L,S31603 316S12
13 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N SUS316N 316N,S31651
14 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 SUS316JlL
15 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 SUS317 317,S31700 317S16 X2CrNiMo1816 Z2CN19.15
16 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 SUS317L 317L,S31703 317S12 X10CrNiTi189
17 1Cr18Ni9Ti
18 0Cr19Ni10Ti SUS321 321,S32100 321S12 321S20 X10CrTi189 Z6NT18.10
19 0Cr18Ni11Nb SUS347 347,S34700 347S17 X10CrNiNb189 Z6NNb18.10
20 0Cr13Al SUS405 405,S40500 405S17 X71CrAl13 Z6CA13
21 1Cr17 SUS430 430,S43000 430S15 X8Cr17 Z8C17
22 00Cr27Mo SUSXM27 XM27,S44625 Z01CD26.1
23 1Cr12 SUS403 403,S40300 403S17
24 1Cr13 SUS410 410,S41000 410S21 X10Cr13 Z12C13
25 0Cr13 SUS410S 410S 403S17 X7Cr13 Z6C13
26 1Cr13Mo SUS410J1
27 2Cr13 SUS420J1 420,S42000 420S37 X20Cr13 Z20C13
28 3Cr13 SUS420J2 420S45 Z15CN16.02
29 1Cr17Ni2 SUS431 431,S43100 431S29 X22CrNi17
30 7Cr17 SUS440A 440,S44002
31 8Cr17 SUS440B 440,S44003 Z100CD17
32 9Cr18 SUS440C 440C X105CrMo17 Z6CNU17.04
33 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb SUS630 603,S17400 Z8CNA17.7
34 0Cr17Ni7Al SUS631 631,S17700 X7CrNiAl177

What are the properties and application areas of 18-8 steel?

SUS201 17Cr-4.5Ni-6Mn-N is a nickel-reduced steel grade, serving as a substitute for 301 steel. It becomes magnetic after cold working and is used in railway vehicles. SUS202, 18Cr-5Ni8Mn-N is a nickel-reduced steel grade that serves as a substitute for 301 steel. Used for kitchen utensils; SUS301 17Cr-7Ni can achieve high strength after cold working. Used in railway vehicles, belt conveyors, bolts and nuts, springs, etc. SUS301L 17Cr-7Ni-low C-N is a low-carbon SUS301 steel with excellent intergranular corrosion resistance and weldability. SUS201J1 17Cr-7.5Ni-0.1C, used in railway vehicles and similar applications, exhibits better drawing and bending properties than 304 steel; its work hardening degree lies between that of 304 steel and 301 steel. Used in springs, kitchen utensils, devices, construction, vehicles, etc. SUS302 (18Cr-8Ni-0.1C) can achieve high strength after cold working, but its elongation is inferior to that of 301 steel. SUS302B, 18Cr-8Ni-2.5Si-0.1C, is used as a material for exterior decoration of buildings. It possesses better oxidation resistance than 302 steel; at temperatures below 900°C, it has oxidation resistance and strength equivalent to those of 310S steel. Used in automotive exhaust purification devices, as well as as a material for high-temperature equipment such as industrial furnaces; SUS303, 18Cr-8Ni- High S – improves cutting performance and resistance to high-temperature adhesion. Most suitable for automatic lathes. Bolts and nuts made of SUS303Se 18Cr-8Ni-Se, which improves cutting performance and resistance to high-temperature adhesion. Most suitable for automatic lathes. SU8304 18Cr-8Ni, used for rivets and screws, is the most widely used stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. SUS304L 18Cr-9Ni-low, used in food production equipment, Xitong chemical processing equipment, nuclear energy, etc., is an ultra-low carbon 304 steel. It exhibits excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion. Used for components that cannot undergo heat treatment after welding, etc. SUS304N1 18Cr-8Ni-N: N is added to 304 steel to improve strength while suppressing a decrease in ductility, and it also helps to reduce the thickness of the material. Component SUS304N2 18Cr-8Ni-N-Nb for structural strength: N and Nb are added to 304 steel to endow it with the same properties as before. It has the same applications as 304N1 steel. SUS304LN: 18Cr-8Ni-N-low C; N is added to 304L steel. To give it the same performance as before. It has the same applications as 304N1 steel, but its resistance to intergranular corrosion is improved; SUS304J1 consists of 17Cr-7Ni-2Cu – with less Ni and more Cu compared to SUS304 steel. It has excellent cold forming properties, particularly deep drawing performance. Used for sewage sumps, hot water tanks, etc.; SUS304J2 17Cr-7Ni-4Mn-2Cu has better deep drawing properties than SUS304 steel. SUS304J3 18Cr-8Ni-2Cu is used for bathtubs, shower heaters, doorknobs, etc.; adding Cu to 304 steel improves its cold workability and non-magnetic properties. The composition lies between SUS304 steel and SUSXM7 steel. SUS305, 18Cr-12Ni-0.1C, which is used for bolts and nuts in cold working, has a lower work hardening property compared to 304 steel. SUS305J1 18Cr-13Ni-0.1C is a low-carbon 305 steel used in spin forming, special drawing, and cold pressing processes, and it has low work hardening properties. It has the same applications as 305 steel. FUS309S (22Cr-12Ni) has better corrosion resistance than 304 steel, but is generally used as a heat-resistant pot. SUS310S (25Cr-20Ni) has superior oxidation resistance compared to 309S steel and is often used as a heat-resistant alloy. SUS316 (18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo) offers better corrosion resistance against seawater and various corrosive agents than 304 steel. SUS316L 18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-low C, used for pitting-resistant materials, is an ultra-low carbon 316 steel. It possesses the properties of 316 steel along with resistance to intergranular corrosion. SUS316N (18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-N) is obtained by adding N to 316 steel; this addition improves strength while preventing a decline in ductility, and it also helps to reduce the thickness of the material. It is a high-strength material with excellent corrosion resistance, namely SUS316LN 18Cr-12Ni-2,5Mo-N-low C; L is added to 316L steel to endow it with the same properties. It has the same applications as 316N steel, but boasts excellent intergranular corrosion resistance. SUS316Ti (18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-Ti) is obtained by adding Ti to SUS316 steel in order to improve its intergranular corrosion resistance. SUS316J1 (18Cr-12Ni-2Mo-2Cu) has better corrosion resistance and pitting resistance than 316 steel. SUS316J1L, 18Cr-12Ni-2Mo-2Cu–low C, is a low-carbon 316J1 steel used for materials resistant to sulfuric acid corrosion. It endows 316J1 steel with intergranular corrosion resistance; SUS317 (18Cr-12Ni-3.5Mo) has better pitting resistance than 316 steel. SUS317L 18Cr-12Ni-3.5Mo-low C is a low-carbon version of 317 steel, used in printing and dyeing equipment materials. To endow 317 steel with intergranular corrosion resistance, SUS317LN – 18Cr-13Ni-3.5Mo-N-low C: Adding N to SUS317L steel results in high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Used for various tanks and containers. SUS317J1: 18Cr-16Ni-5Mo – suitable for heat exchangers that handle liquids containing chloride ions, acetic acid production equipment, phosphoric acid production equipment, and bleaching units, as well as in environments where 316L and 317L steels are not suitable. SUS317J2: 25Cr-14Ni-1Mo-0.3N – has higher levels of Cr and Mo compared to SUS317 steel, with N also added. SUS317J3L, which possesses high strength and excellent corrosion resistance; it contains 21Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-0.2N with low carbon content, and its pitting resistance is better than that of SUS317 steel. Used in devices for controlling pollution and in acetic acid environments; SUS317J4L (22Cr-25Ni-6Mo-0.2N–low C) has better pitting resistance than SUS317L steel. Used in the pulp and paper industry, seawater heat exchangers, etc., SUS317J5L 21Cr-24.5Ni-4.5Mo-1.5Cu-with extremely low carbon content–has excellent resistance to seawater corrosion. Used in various devices used in seawater; SUS321 18Cr-9Ni-Ti, with Ti added to enhance its resistance to intergranular corrosion. Not recommended for decorative components. SUS347: 18Cr-9Ni-Nb; the presence of Nb enhances its resistance to intergranular corrosion. SUS384: 16Cr-18Ni; its degree of work hardening is lower than that of 305 steel. SUSXM7 18Cr-9Ni-3.5Cu, a material for large-deformation cold pressing and cold forming, is an alloy in which Cu is added to 304 steel to improve its cold workability. SUSXM15J1 18Cr-13Ni-4Si, used for cold pressing, increases the Ni content in 304 steel and adds Si to improve its resistance to stress corrosion cracking. It is used for SUS329J1 25Cr-4.5Ni-2Mo containing chloride ions in the environment, and it has a duplex structure. It has excellent acid resistance and pitting resistance. It has high strength. Used in waste gas desulfurization devices, etc.; SUS329J3L 22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-N-low C – it exhibits corrosion resistance in environments containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, chlorides, and the like. Used in oil well pipes, chemical product transport vessels, and various chemical processing units, SUS329J4L 25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-N-low C exhibits excellent pitting resistance and SCC resistance in high-concentration chloride environments such as seawater. SUS405 13Cr-Al, used in seawater heat exchangers and salt production equipment, does not experience significant hardening even when cooled from high temperatures. Used for turbine materials, quenching components, and composite materials; SUS410L 13Cr-low C – reduces the carbon content of 410S steel. It possesses good bending properties at the welded area, machinability, and resistance to high-temperature oxidation. SUS429, which contains 16% chromium, is used in automotive exhaust treatment systems, boiler combustion chambers, and burners; it is an improved version of steel 430 designed to enhance its weldability. SUS430, with 18% chromium, is a general-purpose steel with excellent corrosion resistance. Used for architectural decoration, fuel burner components, household appliances, and home appliance parts. SUS430F 18Cr-high S is a steel grade that adds machinability to 430 steel. Used in automatic lathes, bolts, nuts, etc. SUS430LX: 18Cr-Ti or Nb – low C; Ti or Nb is added to 430 steel to reduce the carbon content, thereby improving machinability and weldability. Used in hot water tanks, hot water supply systems, sanitary fixtures, household durable appliances, bicycle flywheels, etc. SUS43U1L: 18Cr-0.5Cu-Nb – extremely low (C, N). It is 430 steel with added Cu and Nb, and features extremely low levels of C and N. The corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability have been improved. SUS434 18Cr-1Mo, which is used for exterior decorative materials in automobiles and exhaust gas treatment materials, is an improved version of 430 steel. More resistant to salts than 430 steel. SUS436L 18Cr-1Mo-Ti, Nb: extremely low (C, N) levels; the C and N contents in 434 steel are reduced, and TiNb or Zr is added either alone or in combination, which improves its machinability and weldability. Used for interior and exterior decoration of buildings, vehicle components, kitchen utensils, etc., as well as hot water and water supply fixtures. SUS436nJ1L: 19Cr-0.5Mo-Nb – extremely low (C, N). Mo, Cu, and Nb are added to 430 steel to reduce the C and N content in the alloy. The corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability have been improved. Used in kitchen equipment, interior decorations for buildings, exterior decorations for automobiles, home appliances, etc. SUS444: 19Cr-2Mo-Ti, Nb, Zr – extremely low (C, N) content; it has a higher Mo content than 436 steel, which further enhances its corrosion resistance. Used in hot water tanks, water storage tanks, solar water heaters, heat exchangers, food production equipment, printing and dyeing equipment, etc. Used for stress-corrosion crack resistance: SUS447J1, 30Cr-2Mo – extremely low (C, N) content; high Ct—Mo levels. C and N are kept at very low levels, resulting in excellent corrosion resistance. Used in production equipment related to organic acids such as acetic acid and lactic acid. SUSXM27 26Cr-1Mo-ultra-low (C, N) used in caustic soda production equipment, to resist chloride stress corrosion cracking, for pitting resistance, and in pollution prevention devices; it possesses properties and applications similar to those of 447J1. Applications that require corrosion resistance and soft magnetic properties: SUS403, 13Cr-low Si, is an excellent stainless steel and heat-resistant steel used for turbine blades and components subject to high stresses. SUS410, 13Cr, boasts good corrosion resistance and machinability. For general-purpose steel and cutting tool steel, SUS410S 13Cr-0.08C is a grade that improves the corrosion resistance and formability of 410 steel. SUS410F2 13Cr-0.1C-Pb is a lead-free machinable steel that does not reduce the corrosion resistance of 410 steel. SUS410J1 13Cr-Mo is a high-strength grade that further enhances the corrosion resistance of 410 steel. SUS416 13Cr-0.1C-high S, used for turbine blades and components exposed to high temperatures, is the stainless steel grade with the best machinability among all stainless steels. SUS420J1 13Cr-0.2C is used in automatic lathes and similar equipment, and it possesses high hardness in the quenched state. It has better corrosion resistance than 13Cr steel. SUS420J2 13Cr-0.3C is a steel grade used for turbine blades, which exhibits higher hardness after quenching compared to 420J1 steel. Used for cutting tools, nozzles, valve seats, valves, and rulers. SUS420F 13Cr-0.3C-high S is a steel grade that improves the machinability of 420J2 steel. SUS420F2 13Cr-0.2C-Pb is a lead-free machinable steel that prevents a deterioration in the corrosion resistance of 420J1 steel. SUS429J1 16Cr-0.3C is suitable for applications that require both wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Motorcycle brake calipers, discs, etc.: SUS431, 16Cr-2Ni – Cr steel containing Ni. High mechanical properties can be achieved through heat treatment. It has better corrosion resistance than 410 steel and 430 steel. SUS440A (18Cr-0.7C) exhibits excellent hardenability and high hardness, as well as higher toughness compared to 440B steel and 40C steel. Used for cutting tools, measuring instruments, and bearings. SUS440B (18Cr-0.8C) has higher hardness than 440A steel and higher toughness than 440C steel. Used for cutting tools and valves; SUS440C 18Cr-1C possesses the highest hardness among all stainless steels and heat-resistant steels. Used for nozzles and bearings, SUS440F 18cr-1C-high S is a steel grade that improves the machinability of 440C steel. SUS630 17Cr-7Ni-4Cu-Nb, used in automatic lathes, is a steel grade to which Cu is added to endow it with precipitation hardening properties. Used for shafts, turbine components, and panels of laminated plates. The steel conveyor belt SUS631 17Cr-7Ni-1Al is a steel grade to which A1 is added to endow it with precipitation hardening properties. Used for springs, scrubbers, and instrument components. SUS631J1 17Cr-8Cr-1Al is a steel grade that improves the wire-drawing properties of 631 steel. Used for wire manufacturing, spring steel wires

What professional material; thank you to all the teachers.

I don’t agree with the views of the experts mentioned above; I will choose 304, as it is the most commonly used and widely applied type of stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Used in food production equipment, Xitong chemical equipment, nuclear energy, etc.

I think 304 is a better choice, as it is relatively cheaper and also resistant to corrosion; this means that the cost of the equipment will be lower, resulting in reduced investment costs.

I think 316L is better. In the refining industry, current oil products tend to be heavier in density, with higher sulfur content and higher acid values. In ordinary process pipelines, 321 is sufficient, but tubes used in heating furnaces are often required to withstand temperatures above 600 degrees Celsius. It requires both corrosion protection and measures to prevent the furnace tubes from bending due to heat; generally, the furnace load should not exceed 800 degrees Celsius, but it is definitely above 600 degrees Celsius.

The corrosion resistance of 321 is essentially the same as that of 304; 321 contains more Ti, which gives it better high-temperature performance, but some of its variants have a higher carbon content. 316L is more expensive but more corrosion-resistant, especially offering better pitting resistance.