Layout of the oil tank area
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What are the considerations for the layout of oil tank areas?
Fire and explosion prevention must be given top priority; there are also factors such as climate and wind direction, among many others. Please search for relevant information here to learn more – it’s impossible to explain everything in just one sentence; this is a complex subject
Section 3 Storage Facilities Article 5.3.1 The layout of the tanks within Class A and Class B liquid storage tank groups shall meet the following requirements； 1. The total capacity of fixed-roof storage tank groups should not exceed 120,000 m3.
2. The total capacity of floating-roof storage tank groups should not exceed 200,000 m3.
3. The storage tanks within a storage tank group should be arranged in no more than two rows, and the number of tanks should not exceed 12. When the capacity of a single tank is 500,000 m3 or more, it should be arranged in a single row. Article 5.3.2 The fire separation distance between atmospheric-pressure storage tanks for Class A and Class B liquids shall not be less than the requirements specified in Table 5.3.2. Fire separation distance between atmospheric pressure storage tanks for Class A and Class B liquids Table 5.3.2 Note: ① In the table, D represents the diameter of the larger of the adjacent tanks; if the calculated fire separation distance is greater than 20 m, it may be set at 20 m. ②When the capacity of a single tank is less than or equal to 200 m3 and the total capacity is no more than 1000 m3, the fire separation distance for the storage tanks can be determined based on the requirements of production operations. Article 5.3.3 Fire dikes shall be constructed around Class A and Class B liquid storage tank groups. When the total capacity of the tank group is 20,000 m3 and there are more than two tanks, partition dikes shall be installed between the tanks within the fire dike, with a height that is 0.2 m lower than that of the fire dike. Article 5.3.4 The installation of fire dikes for Class A and Class B liquid storage tank groups shall comply with the following provisions: 1. The fire dike shall be closed ； II. The fire dike is a soil dike; when it is difficult to obtain soil, non-combustible materials such as bricks, stones, or reinforced concrete can be used, but soil should be piled up on the inner side ； III. The actual height of the fire dike should be 0.2 m higher than the calculated height; the recommended height for the fire dike is 1.0–2.0 m ； IV. The fire dike and separation dike shall be capable of withstanding the design hydrostatic column pressure of the liquid they contain ； V. The areas where pipelines pass through fire dikes should be filled and sealed with non-combustible materials ； VI. There shall be no less than two pedestrian stairs installed at different positions along the perimeter of the fire dike ； VII. No fewer than two pedestrian stairs shall be provided at different positions along the inner side of the fire dike ； 8. Rainwater discharge outlets located at the lower part of the fire dike should be equipped with adjustable shut-off devices. Article 5.3.5 The clear distance between the outer footline of the fire dike of adjacent tank groups shall not be less than 7 m. Article 5.3.6 A separate sludge tank with a capacity of 200 m3 or less may be exempt from having a fire dike. Article 5.3.7 The determination of the effective capacity within the fire dike shall meet the following requirements. 1. For fixed-roof storage tank groups, it shall be no less than the effective capacity of the largest tank within the group ； II. For floating roof tank groups, it shall be not less than half of the effective capacity of the largest tank within the tank group ； III. When fixed-roof storage tanks and floating-roof storage tanks are arranged in the same tank farm, the effective capacity within the fire dike shall be the larger of the values specified in the preceding two paragraphs. Article 5.3.8 The inlet pipe of the storage tank shall be connected to the bottom of the tank. Article 5.3.9 Liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas condensate storage tanks shall not be arranged in the same group as storage tanks for Class A and Class B liquids; the fire separation distance between them shall be determined in accordance with the provisions regarding liquefied petroleum gas tanks in the current **standard, the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings. LPG cylinders can be arranged in the same group as pressure-stored stable light hydrocarbon storage tanks, and the fire separation distance between them should not be less than the diameter of the larger tank among them. Article 5.3.10 A combustible gas concentration alarm device shall be installed within the protective wall of LPG tanks or natural gas liquefied gas storage tanks. Article 5.3.11 LPG or natural gas liquid storage tanks shall be equipped with safety valves, thermometers, pressure gauges, level gauges, and high-level alarms. Article 5.3.12 When the volume of a liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas condensate storage tank is 50 m3 or more, a remotely operated valve and an automatic shut-off valve should be installed on the liquid-phase outlet pipeline, and check valves should be installed on the liquid-phase inlet and outlet pipelines. Space at the bottom of the tank should be reserved for water pipe connections. Article 5.3.13: For all gaskets of the liquid inlet and outlet valves in liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas condensate storage tanks, spiral wound metal gaskets or metal-encased slate gaskets shall be used. Article 5.3.14 When cooling spray water is used for liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas liquid storage tanks, it shall be installed in conjunction with the fire protection cooling water system.
2. The total capacity of floating-roof storage tank groups should not exceed 200,000 m3.
3. The storage tanks within a storage tank group should be arranged in no more than two rows, and the number of tanks should not exceed 12. When the capacity of a single tank is 500,000 m3 or more, it should be arranged in a single row. Article 5.3.2 The fire separation distance between atmospheric-pressure storage tanks for Class A and Class B liquids shall not be less than the requirements specified in Table 5.3.2. Fire separation distance between atmospheric pressure storage tanks for Class A and Class B liquids Table 5.3.2 Note: ① In the table, D represents the diameter of the larger of the adjacent tanks; if the calculated fire separation distance is greater than 20 m, it may be set at 20 m. ②When the capacity of a single tank is less than or equal to 200 m3 and the total capacity is no more than 1000 m3, the fire separation distance for the storage tanks can be determined based on the requirements of production operations. Article 5.3.3 Fire dikes shall be constructed around Class A and Class B liquid storage tank groups. When the total capacity of the tank group is 20,000 m3 and there are more than two tanks, partition dikes shall be installed between the tanks within the fire dike, with a height that is 0.2 m lower than that of the fire dike. Article 5.3.4 The installation of fire dikes for Class A and Class B liquid storage tank groups shall comply with the following provisions: 1. The fire dike shall be closed ； II. The fire dike is a soil dike; when it is difficult to obtain soil, non-combustible materials such as bricks, stones, or reinforced concrete can be used, but soil should be piled up on the inner side ； III. The actual height of the fire dike should be 0.2 m higher than the calculated height; the recommended height for the fire dike is 1.0–2.0 m ； IV. The fire dike and separation dike shall be capable of withstanding the design hydrostatic column pressure of the liquid they contain ； V. The areas where pipelines pass through fire dikes should be filled and sealed with non-combustible materials ； VI. There shall be no less than two pedestrian stairs installed at different positions along the perimeter of the fire dike ； VII. No fewer than two pedestrian stairs shall be provided at different positions along the inner side of the fire dike ； 8. Rainwater discharge outlets located at the lower part of the fire dike should be equipped with adjustable shut-off devices. Article 5.3.5 The clear distance between the outer footline of the fire dike of adjacent tank groups shall not be less than 7 m. Article 5.3.6 A separate sludge tank with a capacity of 200 m3 or less may be exempt from having a fire dike. Article 5.3.7 The determination of the effective capacity within the fire dike shall meet the following requirements. 1. For fixed-roof storage tank groups, it shall be no less than the effective capacity of the largest tank within the group ； II. For floating roof tank groups, it shall be not less than half of the effective capacity of the largest tank within the tank group ； III. When fixed-roof storage tanks and floating-roof storage tanks are arranged in the same tank farm, the effective capacity within the fire dike shall be the larger of the values specified in the preceding two paragraphs. Article 5.3.8 The inlet pipe of the storage tank shall be connected to the bottom of the tank. Article 5.3.9 Liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas condensate storage tanks shall not be arranged in the same group as storage tanks for Class A and Class B liquids; the fire separation distance between them shall be determined in accordance with the provisions regarding liquefied petroleum gas tanks in the current **standard, the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings. LPG cylinders can be arranged in the same group as pressure-stored stable light hydrocarbon storage tanks, and the fire separation distance between them should not be less than the diameter of the larger tank among them. Article 5.3.10 A combustible gas concentration alarm device shall be installed within the protective wall of LPG tanks or natural gas liquefied gas storage tanks. Article 5.3.11 LPG or natural gas liquid storage tanks shall be equipped with safety valves, thermometers, pressure gauges, level gauges, and high-level alarms. Article 5.3.12 When the volume of a liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas condensate storage tank is 50 m3 or more, a remotely operated valve and an automatic shut-off valve should be installed on the liquid-phase outlet pipeline, and check valves should be installed on the liquid-phase inlet and outlet pipelines. Space at the bottom of the tank should be reserved for water pipe connections. Article 5.3.13: For all gaskets of the liquid inlet and outlet valves in liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas condensate storage tanks, spiral wound metal gaskets or metal-encased slate gaskets shall be used. Article 5.3.14 When cooling spray water is used for liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas liquid storage tanks, it shall be installed in conjunction with the fire protection cooling water system.
The interior of the tank does not take factors such as wind direction and climate into account; however, the location must consider the wind direction. Within the irrigation area, there are mainly different types of zones; dikes are used, as well as specific spacing between tanks and a certain height for the embankments
Determine the category of the substance contained in the tank, and then refer to the relevant specifications, paying particular attention to safety distances between different zones
Determine the category of the substance contained in the tank, and then refer to the relevant specifications, paying particular attention to safety distances between different zones
Mainly consider fire and explosion prevention; there are other aspects you can refer to as well, per the standards
1# WENJINT1: fire hydrants, loading/unloading platforms, fire exits, etc.; for specific details, refer to the \"Design Code for Oil Depots\"
Design codes for oil depots, fire protection design codes for petrochemical enterprises
The layout of the oil tank area must take into account the distance between tanks and related facilities, the installation of fire dikes around the tanks, the spacing between tanks, the requirements for groups of tanks, as well as the number of rows and columns required
7# york178 Correction: The fire protection codes for oil and gas divide Category A into Class AA and Class AB. Oil depots fall under Category A only, and the Category A classification in oil depots is equivalent to Class AB in the context of oil and gas.
Detailed information can be found in the \"Design Code for Oil Depots\", the \"Design Code for Storage and Transportation Systems in Petrochemical Enterprises\", and the \"Fire Protection Design Code for Petrochemical Enterprises\".