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Be aware of the dangers of welding: 1) Burns – caused by sparks or hot metal. II) Eye injuries: Arc eye – caused by ultraviolet rays emitted during welding. Swelling and pain in the eyes, with excessive tearing. Thermal impairment – caused by infrared radiation emitted by arc welding and molten metal, resulting in blurred vision. Foreign bodies – produced by slag and sparks, causing corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis. III) Skin irritation – caused by ultraviolet rays. IV) Metal fume fever – This febrile illness is caused by inhaling metal oxides produced during welding. V) Toxic fumes – When certain alloys or welding electrodes are used in welding, toxic fumes such as lead, beryllium, hafnium, and fluorides may be generated. VI) Toxic gases – Welding and brazing can produce toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides, ozone, and phosgene, which can cause irritation of the bronchi and lungs. If carbon dioxide is used as a shielding gas, carbon monoxide may be produced. VII) Lack of oxygen – The use of inert gases in gas shielded arc welding can reduce the amount of oxygen in areas with poor ventilation to dangerous levels. VIII) Other hazards: Fire and explosions. Electric shock – Workers working at heights may fall and get injured as a result. Electric shock can also cause arrhythmia, which can be fatal. Appropriate safety measures must be taken: 1) Suitable personal protective equipment should be used, including helmets for welding, welding goggles equipped with appropriate filter lenses, fire-resistant gloves, and aprons. II) Eliminating toxic fumes _ Good ventilation is very important. If non-continuous welding work is carried out outdoors, or in a well-ventilated and spacious factory, standard ventilation facilities are usually sufficient ； However, exceptions apply when welding work generates toxic fumes such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, and zinc. To improve ventilation, the extraction hood should be as close as possible to the welding process. If welding work is carried out in a confined space, the air must be free of flammable vapors or substances. In addition, an appropriate air supply unit should also be used.