What are the hazards of water hammer, and how to avoid it?

Water hammer: It is mainly caused by hot and cold substances passing through the pipes. Hazard: Pipe rupture or pitting! Avoid: Proceeding to the next step – cooling or heating – until the hot or cold material has been exhausted

Several measures to prevent water hammer damage. Water hammer is a common physical phenomenon in water supply systems, and its destructive force within the pipelines of such systems is considerable; it is highly detrimental to the safe and stable operation of the piping network and can easily lead to pipe bursts. 1. Adoption of constant pressure control technology: A PLC-based automatic control system is used to carry out variable-frequency speed control of the pumps, enabling automatic operation of the entire water supply pump room system. The pressure in the water supply network changes continuously as operating conditions vary. When the pumps operate at their normal frequency, low pressure or high pressure conditions often occur, which can lead to water hammer and cause damage to pipes and equipment. By using a PLC-based automatic control system, it is possible to monitor the pressure in the network and use feedback control to adjust the start/stop status and speed of the pumps, thereby regulating flow rates and maintaining pressure at a constant level. The water supply pressure can be set via the control computer, ensuring a constant pressure supply and reducing the likelihood of excessive pressure fluctuations, which in turn lowers the risk of water hammer. 2. Adoption of pressure relief protection technology: Water hammer suppressors – These devices are used primarily to prevent water hammer effects that occur when pumps stop operating. They are usually installed near the outlet pipe of the pump, and they utilize the pressure in the pipe itself as a driving force to activate automatically at low pressures. That is, when the pressure in the pipe falls below a set threshold, the discharge valve opens automatically to release water and reduce pressure, thereby balancing the pressure in that section of the pipe and preventing water hammer from damaging the equipment and pipes. Water hammer suppressors can be divided into mechanical and hydraulic types; mechanical suppressors require manual intervention to be reset after they activate, while hydraulic suppressors can reset automatically. Pressure relief valve: This device can be installed at any location in the pipeline. It operates on the same principle as a water hammer suppressor, except that the set operating pressure is high; when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds the set protection value, the drain outlet opens automatically to relieve pressure. 3. Adoption of flow rate control technology: Hydraulic control valves are used, which are valves that utilize hydraulic mechanisms to control opening and closing; they are typically installed at the outlet of water pumps. These valves operate automatically based on the pressure difference between the pump outlet and the pipeline network. A piston cylinder or diaphragm chamber is usually attached to the valve to control the speed of its opening and closing, and by allowing slow closure, the impact of water hammer caused by pump shutdown can be reduced, thereby effectively eliminating water hammer. A quick-close check valve is used; its design features a guide structure in front of the quick-close valve plate. When the pump stops, the valve plate closes simultaneously, and it is the quick-close valve plate that supports the returning water stream, preventing any shock-induced displacement and thus avoiding water hammer effects when the pump stops. 4. Installing reliable vent valves at each peak point in the pipeline is also an essential measure. 　Automatic control and variable-frequency constant-pressure upgrades are implemented for the pump rooms of water supply systems; hydraulic control valves (or quick-closing check valves) are installed at the outlets of the pumps. Water hammer arresters and pressure relief valves are installed on the main pipelines of the network, while automatic vent valves are placed at the peak points of each pipeline. I hope this will be helpful to you! ! ! !

It’s mainly due to an excessive temperature difference between the materials; in other words, it’s about reducing that temperature difference, haha:lol

The main concern is that the pump might get damaged; adding a check valve will solve that issue

Is the explanation about water hammer upstairs accurate? Water hammer occurs when there is a sudden power outage or when a valve is closed too quickly; due to the inertia of the pressurized water flow, shock waves are generated, similar to the impact of a hammer, which is why it is called water hammer. The force generated by the back-and-forth movement of water flow shock waves can sometimes be very large, thereby damaging valves and pumps

I think the answer on the third floor is quite comprehensive. Study*.

The answer on the third floor is great! It’s been quite beneficial.

Water hammer, simply put, is the impact of water in the pipes on equipment or pipelines. On one hand, it is the impact caused by the difference in water level during an emergency shutdown； On the other hand, it may be caused by condensed water not having enough time to be discharged when steam is supplied too quickly after a short-term shutdown of the steam pipeline before it is restarted. Therefore, for the first issue, a check valve should be installed at the pump’s outlet; for the second issue, the steam valve should be opened slowly

Thank you to everyone upstairs; I learned * today! !