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Energy variety indicators

2008-01-06View Original

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Energy variety index raw coal: It refers to the products produced by coal mines that have not been washed, screened and processed but only manually sorted. Including natural coke and low-quality coal, excluding low calorific value coal. According to the degree of carbonization, it can be divided into peat, lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite. Raw coal is mainly used for power, and some is also used as industrial raw materials and civil raw materials. Clean coal: It refers to high-quality coal that has been mechanically processed in a coal washing plant to reduce the ash and sulfur content and remove some impurities, making it suitable for some special purposes. Including washed coal for coking and non-coking. Excludes washed coal, gangue and coal slime. Other coal washing: It is other coal washing products besides washed coal, including: Washing medium coal, washing coal slime, washing lump coal, washing mixed coal, etc. Briquettes: Briquettes are coal products with a certain strength and shape made from pulverized coal or low-grade coal through screening, crushing, batching, and stirring. It can be divided into two categories: industrial briquettes and civil briquettes. Industrial briquettes can be widely used in metallurgy, casting, fertilizer, calcium carbide industry, railway locomotives, layer-fired boilers, industrial kilns and other fields. Coke: Coke is a solid product obtained by carbonization of coal at high temperatures. Coke is in the form of gray-black lumps. It is mainly used as fuel in metallurgy, chemical industry, casting and other processes, and can also be used as raw material for gas production and chemical industry. Calculated as dry coke, excluding moisture. Other coking products: Refers to other coking products other than coke and coke oven gas, which are by-products of coking, such as coal tar, primary benzene, etc. There are many coking products, but only two categories, coke and coke oven gas, are listed in the catalog. In order to simplify statistics, other coking products except these two categories are grouped into one category of "other coking products" and reported together. coke oven gas: It refers to the use of several bituminous coals to prepare coking coal. After high-temperature carbonization in a coke oven, the combustible gas obtained while producing coke and tar products is a by-product of coking products. Mainly used as fuel and chemical raw materials. blast furnace gas: Blast furnace gas is the gas that escapes from the top of the blast furnace and is a by-product obtained during the iron-making process of the blast furnace. Mainly used in metallurgical production. Other gas: It refers to various other gases except coke oven gas, mainly including producer gas, pressure gasification gas and gas made from heavy oil or other petroleum products as raw materials. natural gas: Natural gas refers to the flammable gas containing hydrocarbons as the main component that exists naturally in the formation. After increasing the pressure, it can become a liquid, called liquefied natural gas. Natural gas is widely used in power industry, civil fuel, industrial fuel, metallurgy, and chemical industry. crude: Crude oil is a brown or black viscous flammable substance. Including natural crude oil and artificial crude oil. Natural crude oil refers to crude oil produced from oil (gas) field production wells. Artificial crude oil refers to crude oil obtained by dry distillation of kerogen. gasoline: Gasoline refers to a highly volatile, low-ignition point, colorless or light yellow light oil obtained from the crude oil fractionation and cracking process. Gasoline can be divided into aviation gasoline, vehicle gasoline, industrial gasoline, etc. according to its use. kerosene: Kerosene is a refined fuel with a volatility between motor gasoline and light diesel and does not contain heavy hydrocarbons. According to the use, it can be divided into kerosene for lamps, kerosene for tractors, kerosene for aviation and heavy kerosene. In addition to being used as a fuel, kerosene is also used as a machine detergent and as a solvent in the pharmaceutical and paint industries. diesel fuel: Diesel refers to the liquid that flows out from the bottom of the distillation tower when refining petroleum in a refinery. It is a light oil with lower volatility than kerosene and a higher ignition point than kerosene. According to different pouring points and uses, it is divided into light diesel, medium diesel and heavy diesel. Light diesel is mainly used as fuel for diesel locomotives, tractors and various high-speed diesel engines. Medium diesel and heavy diesel are mainly used as fuel for various diesel engines such as ships and power generation. fuel oil: Fuel oil, also called heavy oil, is prepared by adding a portion of light oil to the residual oil flowing out from the bottom of the distillation tower after extracting gasoline and diesel during oil refining in a refinery. Mainly used as boiler fuel. LPG: Liquefied petroleum gas, also known as liquefied petroleum gas or compressed gasoline, is a liquid product produced by pressurizing the gas produced and recovered during the oil refining process at room temperature. The main use is petrochemical raw materials, which can be directly used as fuel after desulfurization. Refinery dry gas: It refers to the non-condensable gas (also called distillate gas) produced and recovered during the refining process in a refinery, which is mainly used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Other petroleum products: Refers to other petroleum products other than gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and refinery dry gas, such as lubricating oil, grease, naphtha, paraffin, petroleum asphalt, etc. There are many petroleum products. The catalog only lists the main categories of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and refinery dry gas. To simplify statistics, other petroleum products other than these main categories are combined and reported together under the category of "other petroleum products". heat: Heat refers to hot water and steam that can provide a heat source. Calculation of heat 1. Filling in heat consumption: When industrial enterprises count heat consumption, they need to convert steam and hot water into heat measurement units (millions of kilojoules) according to their calorific value. For general enterprises (non-heat production enterprises), heat consumption only refers to purchased heat ; Heat production enterprises must count the heat consumption produced and used by themselves. Enterprises that cannot accurately measure heat consumption can convert it according to the following method: 1 ton of steam = 2.51 million kilojoules ; 1 million kilojoules is equivalent to approximately 37 yuan (cost of purchased heat). Other enterprises and institutions report directly according to the cost of purchased heat. 2. Fill in the thermal output. The output of steam and hot water is related to the temperature and pressure of the steam and hot water at the boiler outlet. The calculation method: first step: Determine the temperature and pressure of the steam and hot water at the boiler outlet. Based on the temperature and pressure values, find the corresponding enthalpy per kilogram of steam and hot water in the enthalpy entropy diagram (table). ; Step 2: Determine the temperature and pressure of the boiler feed water (or return water). Based on the temperature and pressure values, find the corresponding heat enthalpy per kilogram of feed water (or return water) in the enthalpy entropy diagram (table) ; Step 3: Find the difference in enthalpy found in the first and second steps, and then multiply it by the amount of steam or hot water (calculated based on the flow meter reading). The resulting value is the amount of heat. If the enterprise does not have the above conditions for calculating heat, it can refer to the following methods to estimate: first method: first step: Determine the boiler steam or hot water production. Output = Boiler feed water volume - sewage and other losses ; Step 2: Determine the enthalpy of steam or hot water. The determination of heat enthalpy is divided into the following situations:: (1)Hot water: Assuming that the outlet temperature is 90°C and the return water temperature is 20°C, the heat enthalpy per kilogram of hot water in the closed-circuit circulation system is calculated as 20 kcal, and the heat enthalpy per kilogram of hot water in the open-circuit heating system is calculated as 70 kcal. (2) Saturated steam: The pressure is 1-2.5 kg/cm², the temperature is below 127°C, and the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam is calculated as 620 kcal ; Pressure 3-7 kg/cm2, temperature 135-165°C, heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam is calculated as 630 kcal ; The pressure is 8 kg/cm², the temperature is above 170°C, and the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam is calculated as 640 kcal. (3)Superheated steam: When the pressure is 150 kg/cm² and below 200°C, the enthalpy of steam per kilogram is calculated as 650 kcal ; 220-260℃, the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam is calculated as 680 kcal ; 280-320℃, the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam is calculated as 700 kcal ; 350-500℃, the heat enthalpy per kilogram of steam is calculated as 750 kcal. Step 3: According to the determined enthalpy, multiplied by the output, the resulting value is the amount of heat. Second method: Calculate according to the following formula: Heat (kcal) = Fluid mass (kg) × Temperature difference × Specific heat (the specific heat of water is 1) (1) Determination of fluid mass: Fluid mass (kg) = flow rate/hour (tons/hour, obtained from the flow meter) × heating hours × 1000 (2) Determination of temperature difference: Temperature difference = outlet water temperature - return water temperature (3) Convert kilocalories into kilojoules and then into millions of kilojoules: 1 kcal = 4.1868 kJ 1 million kJ = 1 GJ = 1 × 109 Joule = 1 × 106 kJ For small and medium-sized enterprises, if none of the above conditions are met, if the power of the boiler is about 0.7 megawatts, 1 ton/hour of hot water or steam is calculated as heat equivalent to 600,000 kcal. electricity: Refers to the electrical energy produced by the energy conversion of the generator set. other fuels: Refers to other energy sources and fuels other than those listed in the table (excluding energy-consuming working fluids such as water, oxygen, compressed air, etc.). Notice: When filling in the report, each product must be converted into a standard quantity (standard coal) according to its actual conversion coefficient. Total energy: It is the total amount of various energy sources converted into standard coal. Total energy = ∑ (physical quantity of each energy variety × standard coal conversion coefficient)

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