A brief analysis of the differences in environmental protection between Chinese and foreign steel companies

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A brief analysis of the sources of differences in environmental protection between Chinese and foreign steel companies: China Steel News Network Although the environmental protection technology of my country's steel industry has its own characteristics, there is still a considerable gap compared with foreign advanced levels. For example, the current environmental protection management of my country's steel industry is based on the management of "three wastes", with the goal of meeting emission standards and comprehensive management as a means, that is, it includes smoke and dust control, sewage treatment, waste residue treatment and utilization, emission standards and factory greening as its connotation. developed * * The control of smoke and dust has been completed ； The treatment of second-generation pollutants such as SO2 and NOx is already in the commercialization stage. ； Currently, we are committed to the development and application of control and treatment technologies for third-generation pollutants CO2 and dioxin. In terms of water treatment, Europe * * Microbial technology has been increasingly used to replace chemical treatment technology to reduce treatment costs, prevent secondary pollution, and improve the degree of purification. For example, Germany's Thyssen Steel continued to strengthen environmental protection efforts from 1975 to 1994, reducing solid matter emissions per ton of steel from 5.5kg to 0.4kg, which is a reduction of 0.34kg per year. 1. developed * * The requirements for environmental protection are very stringent, and increasingly stringent emission standards have become a key factor in the survival of the steel industry. The global greenhouse effect has attracted widespread international attention. The purpose of the Kyoto Protocol concluded in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 is to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas CO2. The protocol stipulates that the total emissions of such gases in 38 industrial countries in 2010 must be reduced by 5.2% compared with 1990. Looking at the industries that produce CO2, about 50% of CO2 emissions come from industrial production, with CO2 emissions from thermal power generation ranking first and CO2 emissions from steel production ranking second. This is because the energy consumed in steel production is mainly non-renewable fossil fuels, and the product is CO2. Looking at industrial resources generated by CO2, 50% of CO2 emissions originate from coal combustion. Compared with natural gas, fuel oil emits 50% more CO2 than natural gas, and burning coal emits 80% more CO2 than natural gas. Since natural gas emits less CO2, the consumption of natural gas is increasing day by day. However, since the reserves of natural gas are much smaller than coal, it cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Currently some European and some * * A CO2 emissions tax has been introduced. This shows that developed * * We have begun to incorporate CO2 emissions into the track of special management, but our country is still in the blank in this regard. Both the European Union and Germany have formulated strict environmental protection regulations for industry. To be approved for establishment, a production-oriented enterprise must meet many environmental protection prerequisites, such as having efficient garbage and sewage treatment equipment, taking measures to ensure that garbage is effectively avoided during the production process, and electrical appliance manufacturers must also have a waste electrical appliance recycling system. In Germany, environmental protection is one of the fundamentals for enterprises to survive. How well a company does in terms of environmental protection determines a company's social reputation to a great extent and has become one of the primary criteria for evaluating a company's quality. It has perfect environmental protection development and construction with Germany, the Netherlands and other countries. * * In comparison, China’s environmental legal system is basically complete, but the problem is that the relevant provisions of my country’s environmental laws are highly principled and poor in operability. ； The categories are relatively complete, but the Basic Environmental Law is not perfect enough. ； There are many laws, but the enforcement is far from enough, which affects the effectiveness of the laws. Especially in the current Western * * Some new environmental protection policy ideas have not yet been fully reflected in my country's environmental laws. 2. Cleaner production is developed * * The traditional environmental protection strategy of the production methods that steel companies must implement relies too heavily on end-of-pipe treatment. The earliest name for cleaner production was "pollution prevention." The birth of the idea of ​​cleaner production itself was a criticism and challenge to the traditional environmental protection strategy. The definition of cleaner production clearly stipulates that cleaner production is an overall preventive environmental strategy that works on production processes, products and services. At present, the widely popular cleaner production tools in the world include cleaner production audit, environmental management system, ecological design, life cycle assessment, environmental labeling and environmental management accounting. These cleaner production tools, without exception, require in-depth implementation in various areas such as production, marketing, finance and environmental protection of the enterprise. Only in this way can the environmental performance of enterprises be truly guaranteed. Each developed * * The earliest and most commonly used cleaner production tool is cleaner production audit. Cleaner production audit is a systematic, scientific and highly operational environmental diagnosis program. This program repeatedly starts work from eight channels, namely raw materials and energy, technical processes, equipment, process control, management, employees, products, and waste. Starting from these 8 ways will help overcome the traditional phenomenon of environmentally friendly production and eliminate pollutants before they are produced. developed * * Clean steel plants must pass the assessment of ISO14000 series standards and other quality standards. In addition to the quality of the products leaving the factory, the total amount of major pollutants discharged by clean steel plants must be within * * Within the prescribed indicators, the total control level of smoke, industrial dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand (COD), mercury, cadmium, phosphorus, lead, hexavalent chromium and industrial solid emissions reaches the standard, the production line function meets the standard, the surrounding area environment meets the standard, and half of the industrial and civil waste is reused. 3. The foreign steel industry has huge investments in environmental protection. The steel industry is a manufacturing industry with huge production scale and concentrated capital. It is also an industry with high energy consumption. The amount of solid waste (tailings sand, slag, dust sludge, etc.) and gas products emitted by the steel industry is also very large. Although a small part of the tailings sand and a part of the slag, dust sludge can be recycled, the research and development of their recycling technology still needs to continue. If the steel industry does not invest enough in environmental protection (according to estimates from the American Iron and Steel Industry Association, it accounts for about 15% of total investment) or mismanages environmental protection measures, steel companies will become a very serious source of pollution. Environmental pressure forces developed countries to * * Steel companies have vigorously promoted and promoted various advanced environmental protection technologies suitable for steel production. In accordance with the principles of circular economy, the recycling and recovery of various energy and materials in the future steel industry, as well as the integration with upstream and downstream industries, are one of the topics for the steel industry to implement the circular economy strategy. The future steel industry will be a new production method that fully utilizes raw materials and energy, high efficiency, low emissions or even zero emissions to replace the traditional steel material production method that consumes a large amount of natural resources such as ore and coal, and emits a large amount of slag, waste heat, CO2 and other waste gases. The establishment of a green steel industry with low resources and low energy consumption can only rely on technological progress and innovation. developed * * Steel companies are actively promoting equipment updates and technological transformation with energy conservation and emission reduction as the main goals. Countries * * We also vigorously guide enterprises to adopt new equipment, new processes, and new technologies that are beneficial to energy conservation and environmental protection. Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of resources and clean production, and vigorously develop circular economy and energy-saving and environmental protection industries. In the last part of its "Steel Industry Technology Development Guide", Europe pointed out their "industry, academia and research" technology development and research plans. Regarding environmental protection, the following table: Environmental protection promotes development * * The iron and steel industry undergoes process structure adjustments. The technical essence of iron and steel metallurgy is high-temperature chemical reaction. Therefore, the traditional energy source in iron and steel metallurgy is based on the chemical energy of carbon-oxygen reaction. Electric arc furnace steelmaking is different from this - the energy used is mainly electric energy. Electric energy has clean, efficient, convenient and various superior characteristics. It is the preferred energy source for industrial development. The large-scale development and utilization of electric energy is an important symbol of the modernization of human society. The proportion of world electric furnace steel production in total crude steel production is increasing year by year. In 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000, it was: 14.28%, 21.97%, 27.74%, 36.11%. World steel expert predictions: By 2010 this proportion will reach 46%. The proportion of electric furnace steel in my country is declining year by year. This is because the output from blast furnace ironmaking to converter steelmaking has grown too fast, causing the proportion of electric furnace steel to decline. In 2003, the proportion of electric furnace steel was only 17.6%. In 2005, the proportion of electric furnace steel dropped to 11.8%. However, the output of electric furnace steel is increasing year by year. With the rapid development of my country's economy, the demand for special steel is increasing. Scrap steel is a non-natural, renewable resource. It is a waste formed along with the mass manufacturing of steel products (generated during the production process and after product use). Due to its high content of total iron and metallic iron, it has excellent recycling value. Improving the ratio of returned scrap steel has important economic significance and is a goal that the steel industry has always pursued. Scrap steel that cannot be recycled is not only a huge waste of iron resources, but also causes serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, electric furnace steelmaking is an iron resource recycling and reuse process, and it is also an environmentally friendly technology for dealing with pollution. Steel materials have the characteristics of renewable and recycled raw materials. For steel raw materials whose demand is still increasing, the ore smelting method represented by blast furnace ironmaking technology is indispensable. From the perspective of potential energy regeneration, recycling and effective utilization, the scrap steel return smelting method represented by the electric furnace is effective. Although each enterprise can choose to develop different steel production processes according to its actual situation, environmental protection issues and innovations in environmental protection technology are all integrated into it. Environmental friendliness has always been a basic issue for the sustainable development of the steel industry. Environmental pressure forces developed countries to * * The steel industry will undergo moderate transfer. What needs to be emphasized is that we are seeing developed * * While the steel industry is environmentally advanced, we must also see that its transfer to the steel industry has a negative impact on the development of the steel industry. * * negative effects. For example, the mining industry in the United States, Europe and Japan is mainly non-ferrous metals and rare metals. The iron concentrate and pellets used in blast furnaces mainly rely on imports, which leaves the most polluting processes for development. * * . 4. Differences in environmental protection management between China and foreign steel industries are developed * * Steel companies collectively refer to environmental protection indicators as steel company ecological indicators, and their significance lies in covering the development ideas and guiding ideology of circular economy. There are differences between the Chinese and foreign steel industries in terms of calibration standards suitable for various areas of environmental protection of steel companies (air, water, land pollution and waste), calibration standards for raw materials and power consumption used in steel production, relevant standards and allowable limit quantification, financial mechanisms (taxation, payment, fines, etc.), and China and developed countries. * * There are differences in the basic ecological indicators of environmental pollution corresponding to the levels of iron and steel enterprises and the levels of basic smelting and processing production processes. as developed * * Emissions of various forms of emissions in the atmosphere and solid emissions in the atmosphere are calculated by weight, while in my country, gaseous emissions in the atmosphere are mostly calculated by volume. This is due to the differences in measurement, statistical systems and measurement methods between Chinese steel companies and foreign countries. Foreign companies have very complete equipment for measuring harmful emissions and monitoring environmental conditions. SO2, O3, and NOx have been included in the air quality monitoring report for my country's central cities, but the greenhouse gas CO2 and the environmental hormone dioxin have not yet been included. These two gases are closely related to steel production. In environmental management, the advancement of my country's environmental protection equipment configuration and the stability of compliance are not high enough, and the ISO14000 environmental management system certification is still at a low level. There is no concept of environmental protection costs in management expenses, and most companies have not yet used the concept of environmental protection costs to form a sound fund management system for cleaner production. There is an urgent need to strengthen the establishment of effective management and incentive mechanisms for energy conservation and environmental protection. (end)