Composition and density of oil

It seems that the original poster doesn’t know much about the composition of oil. Oil is a complex mixture, primarily composed of hydrocarbons, as well as non-hydrocarbon derivatives containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. In other words, the composition of oil is very complex, and it is generally difficult to represent all its components. To address production issues, calculations related to petroleum-based materials are carried out during the design process. For crude oil, crude oil evaluation is generally used to analyze its properties, while little analysis is done on the composition of petroleum products. Density, melting point, and boiling point are all determined through experimental methods. The properties of some commonly used petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel are covered by certain data in the relevant **standards** for reference.

The composition and properties of the oil produced in different regions vary as well; we use the high-sulfur crude oil from the Ural region

Oil, also known as crude oil, is a brownish-black, flammable, viscous liquid that is extracted from deep underground. It is mainly a mixture of various alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is a mixture formed over a long period of evolution by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes, and like coal, it belongs to fossil fuels. The origin of oil: The term “oil” was first mentioned in the book \"Taiping Guangji\", compiled during the Northern Song Dynasty in China in the year 977. It was officially named “petroleum” based on the description given by Shen Kuo (1031–1095), an outstanding scientist from the Northern Song Dynasty in China, in his work \"Mengxi Bitan\"; he noted that this oil arises from sand and stones along waterways, mixing with spring water and emerging there. Before the term “oil” came into use, it was referred to abroad as “the devil’s sweat” or “glowing water,” while in China it was called “resinous water,” “fireproof oil,” or “stone paint,” among other names. In our daily lives, we can find oil or its derivatives everywhere; have you noticed that? Such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, lubricants, asphalt, plastics, fibers, and many more! These are all extracted from oil ； The natural gas (LPG) that we use in our daily lives is produced from specialized gas fields! It reaches households through gas pipelines and gas stations. Currently, there are two theories regarding the origin of oil: ① The inorganic theory, which holds that oil is formed in basic magma ； ②Organic theory holds that various organic substances such as animals and plants, especially lower forms like algae, bacteria, mussels, and fish, when buried after death in areas with gradually decreasing oxygen levels such as bays, lagoons, deltas, and lakes, undergo numerous physical and chemical processes over time, eventually forming oil. Morphology and composition: The color of crude oil is very diverse, including red, golden yellow, dark green, black, brownish-red, and even transparent ； The color of crude oil is determined by the amount of resins and asphalts it contains; the higher this amount, the darker the color. The lighter the color of crude oil, the better its quality! Transparent crude oil can be directly added to a car’s fuel tank to replace gasoline! The main components of crude oil are: oil (which is its primary component), resin (a viscous semi-solid substance), asphaltenes (dark brown or black brittle solid substances), and carbonaceous matter (a non-hydrocarbon substance). Oil is a flammable, colored liquid with a distinct odor, composed mainly of hydrocarbons! Natural gas is a flammable, colorless mixed gas with a distinctive odor, composed mainly of gaseous hydrocarbons. Within the entire oil industry, the division of tasks is also quite detailed: Seismic exploration: specializes in using various seismic exploration devices along with geological data to determine the location of oil and gas reservoirs in areas where they are likely to exist ； Drilling: Using drilling machinery to drill an oil well in areas containing oil and gas, and collecting geological data from that area ； Downhole operations: Involving the use of downhole equipment to insert various downhole tools or production strings from the surface into the well, in order to collect data related to the well’s performance; it also enables the well to produce crude oil or natural gas properly, and involves carrying out maintenance tasks on the oil well over time ； Oil production: During the normal operation of oil wells, various operational data related to these wells are collected, and the production equipment is maintained on a regular basis ； Transportation: Responsible for the external transportation of crude oil ； Refining: Crude oil delivered to refineries is processed as required to produce various petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc.! The properties of oil vary depending on its source; its density ranges from 0.8 to 1.0 grams per cubic centimeter. Its viscosity can vary widely, and its freezing point differs significantly (from 30 to -60°C). The boiling point ranges from room temperature up to over 500°C. Oil is soluble in various organic solvents but insoluble in water, although it can form emulsions with water. The chemical elements that make up petroleum are primarily carbon (83%–87%) and hydrogen (11%–14%); the remainder consists of sulfur (0.06%–0.8%), nitrogen (0.02%–1.7%), oxygen (0.08%–1.82%), as well as trace metal elements such as nickel, vanadium, and iron. Hydrocarbons, formed by the combination of carbon and hydrogen, constitute the main component of oil, accounting for approximately 95% to 99%. Compounds containing sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen are harmful to petroleum products and should be removed as much as possible during oil processing. The structures and proportions of various hydrocarbons in oils from different sources vary greatly, but they mainly belong to three categories: alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Oil that is primarily composed of alkanes is called paraffinic oil ； Those composed mainly of naphthenes and aromatics are called cycloalkyl petroleum ； What lies between the two is called intermediate base oil. The main characteristics of crude oil in our country are a high wax content, a high freezing point, a low sulfur content, moderate levels of nickel and nitrogen, and an extremely low vanadium content. Except for a few oil fields, crude oil contains little gasoline fraction, with residue accounting for 1/3. Oils of different categories have varying processing methods and different product properties; it is necessary to make the best use of each type. The main characteristics of Daqing crude oil are a high wax content, a high freezing point, and a low sulfur content; it belongs to the category of low-sulfur paraffin-based crude oils. From finding oil to utilizing it, there are roughly four main stages: exploration, extraction, transportation, and processing. These four stages are generally referred to as “oil exploration,” “oil field development,” “oil and gas transportation,” and “oil refining,” respectively. Let’s trace the development history of the oil industry through these four stages. “There are many methods for oil exploration, but whether there is oil underground must ultimately be confirmed through drilling. The degree of progress in drilling technology often reflects the development status of the oil industry; therefore, some countries compete to announce that they have drilled the world’s first oil well, as a way to show that they were among the first to make advances in this industry. “\"Oilfield development\" refers to the process of using drilling to determine the distribution of oil and gas, and to having wells that can be put into operation to achieve a certain level of production. In this sense, the development of the Ziliujing gas field in Fushun County, Sichuan, in 1821 was the world’s earliest natural gas field.

Hehe, just a reminder: oil and crude oil are not the same thing! Oil refers to a type of natural resource; it is only called crude oil when it is extracted and processed. (Haha, this is knowledge learned in university; it’s been 5 years now, let’s see if I can remember it accurately!) ）

I’m not in this industry; I’ve come to learn* a bit. The components of oil, however, are quite complex. Can’t say for sure.

I learned a bit – the third floor is better.