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With economic development, a growing population, and rising living standards, the amount of urban waste generated is also increasing. In today’s world, large amounts of waste have become a persistent source of pollution in cities. Improper disposal of waste can cause severe air pollution, water pollution, and soil contamination, and it also occupies a large amount of land. The pollution caused by waste to the environment has become an increasingly serious problem. How to handle waste economically and efficiently. Waste incineration is one of the effective methods for treating solid waste at present. In developed countries in the West, the use of waste incineration technology dates back nearly 130 years, and it is still considered one of the most effective and economical waste treatment methods today. At present, China mainly relies on open-air stacking and landfilling for waste disposal, and it started relatively late in the research, development, and application of waste incineration technology. In contrast, the level and scale of design, production, and application of waste incineration equipment in our country still fall far short of those in developed countries. Therefore, for our country, it is extremely urgent and important to understand the development trends in combustion technologies and equipment for waste incinerators, and to learn and master advanced design and manufacturing techniques for such incinerators. Waste incineration is currently the most widely used waste treatment method abroad, and its greatest advantage lies in the high degree of resource utilization and waste reduction achieved through this process. Waste incineration plants are located around cities, making it convenient to transport waste there; they can also supply electricity or heat to the cities, resulting in good economic benefits. Waste incineration for power generation has become the main method for dealing with household waste in developed countries, as well as an important part of the power industry. Computer control is used to operate the incinerator under optimal conditions, and advanced exhaust gas treatment equipment along with strict emission monitoring systems ensure that secondary pollution caused by waste incineration to the atmosphere is minimized. 1 The current situation of waste incineration in China: China is a developing country with rapid economic growth, accelerating urbanization, and an increasing standard of living for its residents, all of which have led to a continuous rise in the amount of urban waste. China currently has over 600 cities, and the amount of urban waste is increasing at a rate of 7–8% per year. Less than 1/3 of the waste is processed, and the proportion that undergoes proper harmless treatment or is used as energy is even lower. With the rapid economic development and the increase in urbanization, it has become difficult to find suitable sites for landfilling waste in areas surrounding cities; as a result, the problem of urban waste management in China is quite severe. At present, 90% of municipal solid waste in my city is disposed of through landfilling. However, the high-concentration leachates resulting from this process can cause severe pollution of groundwater and surface water, posing a serious threat to water resources. It also produces large amounts of harmful gases that pollute the atmosphere; if not handled properly, the damage it causes can persist for hundreds or even thousands of years. Waste incineration is a relatively effective method for rendering waste harmless, reducing its volume, and recovering resources from it. Although our country has made considerable progress in waste incineration, it is still in the stage of exploration and research. In the 1990s, attention began to be paid to the application of waste incineration technology in major cities and coastal areas. However, due to the slow pace of introducing incineration technologies and flue gas treatment technologies, as well as difficulties in controlling investments, no substantial progress was made. In some areas, due to the difficulty in finding suitable landfills and financial constraints, there is an emphasis only on burning waste, without proper consideration given to how to burn it effectively and thoroughly, nor to environmental protection and energy utilization. Nevertheless, thanks to continuous research in recent years, significant progress has been made in waste incineration technology. 2 Problems Faced in Waste Incineration Treatment Waste sorting and collection is an important step in achieving comprehensive waste management. By collecting materials in a categorized manner and applying different treatment methods accordingly, it is possible to ensure the recycling of useful resources while also **reducing the costs associated with the final disposal of waste. At present, waste sorting and collection has not been widely implemented in cities across our country; some are still in the pilot phase, which is not compatible with the waste treatment methods we are about to adopt. After waste is sorted and collected, both the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of and its composition change. Thanks to sorting, useful resources can be recycled, which reduces the amount of waste that must be disposed of, and at the same time lowers the costs associated with waste transportation and disposal. Waste sorting can also reduce mechanical wear and corrosion, extend the lifespan of incinerators, and lower maintenance costs. It also reduces the content of harmful components, making it easier to control secondary pollution. Waste sorting is an inevitable trend. Therefore, cities that adopt waste incineration should give full consideration to waste sorting. 3 Analysis of waste properties The properties of waste refer to its physical composition, chemical elements, bulk density, moisture content, ash content, and calorific value. Analyzing the properties of waste is very important, as it serves as the basis for the design of incinerators, the design of engineering systems, and their operation. The nature of waste is directly related to the lifestyle and standard of living in residential areas. Although many cities in the country are planning to build waste incineration facilities, few take into account the characteristics of the waste. 4 Environmental Protection Measures The main purpose of waste incineration is to conserve land resources, protect the environment, and achieve sustainable development. Waste-to-energy conversion enables the harmless treatment, volume reduction, and resource utilization of waste. However, due to the characteristics of waste, it is inevitable that some substances harmful to the environment are generated throughout the waste incineration process; therefore, appropriate environmental protection measures must be taken to achieve the true purpose of waste incineration. The main pollutants generated in waste incineration include: odors, harmful substances in the flue gases, waste leachate, fly ash, and reactants. Emission standards for smoke gases have now been established and implemented. For the treatment of landfill leachate, spraying it into incinerators is commonly used in China, but wastewater treatment methods are preferred. The odors generated during waste stacking should also be treated and discharged in accordance with relevant standards. 5 Trends and Prospects in the Development of Incineration Technology: Trends in the development of incineration technology: (1) Efforts to purify exhaust gases from waste incineration plants, particularly to remove pollutants such as dioxins, are receiving increasing attention. ⑵The technology for comprehensive utilization of waste incineration waste heat will be further improved. ⑶To meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations, incineration technology is evolving toward the integration of equipment for flue gas purification, residue and wastewater treatment, as well as waste heat recovery. Prospects for the development of incineration technology: The environmental goals for the \"Ninth Five-Year Plan\" include \"bringing about a significant reversal in the deterioration of the ecological environment by 2010, achieving notable improvements in the environmental quality in both urban and rural areas, and creating a number of cities and regions characterized by rapid economic development, clean and pleasant environments, and a healthy ecological cycle.\" Waste disposal is an important part of China’s path to sustainable development, and major cities across the country as well as those in coastal areas with developed economies are actively adopting waste incineration as a treatment method. During China’s 10th Five-Year Plan period, **the strategy of sustainable economic development will be fully implemented, with greater emphasis placed on the coordinated development of the economy, the environment, and resources, as well as increased efforts in environmental protection and pollution control. To strengthen the management of urban waste pollution, efforts are made to introduce, adapt, and absorb advanced foreign technologies and scientific management practices, thereby improving the level of management in this area. Efforts are also aimed at shifting the approach from treating pollution at its end stage to addressing it throughout the entire process, starting from the source. Our country has established a series of environmental protection regulations, standards, norms, and accompanying technical policies ； However, **preferential industrial policies are still needed to strongly support our country’s emerging waste treatment industry. The waste management industry should actively explore various financing channels to address the issue of funding shortages ； By employing modern, advanced, and diversified business methods and strategies, it enhances its own viability and profitability; while generating social and environmental benefits, it also creates substantial economic gains, reduces the investment payback period, and improves the return on investment. To steer the waste management industry in a healthy and sustainable direction. References: 1 He Weicai, Xuan Yinong, Discussion on the Promotion of Waste Incineration Technology, Proceedings of the Guangdong-Hong Kong Solid Waste Treatment Technology Symposium, August 1998. 2 Abraham Shu, Application of Waste-to-Energy Technology in China, China Energy Summit, June 1996. 3 Tao Bangyan, Yu Hongda, Environmental Protection Measures for Urban Waste Incinerators Abroad, Power Engineering, Vol.19, No.6, 1999