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Main names of toxic gases: There are many toxic substances in oil refineries, mainly including the following: a. Gasoline and its vapors b. Carbon monoxide c. Sulfur dioxide d. Hydrogen sulfide e. Carbon disulfide f. Tetraethyl lead g. Benzenes h. Mercury i. Oxides j. Chlorine gas 3.1.4 Several types of poisoning: a. Gasoline and its vapors Gasoline is a transparent liquid. Gasoline that comes into contact with the skin can cause dermatitis, while inhaling excessive amounts of gasoline can lead to central nervous system disorders, headaches, insomnia, and other symptoms. b. Carbon monoxide: Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless flammable gas with high toxicity; it is primarily produced as a result of incomplete combustion of fuels. Details on human poisoning cases are shown in the table below: Inhaling this gas is strictly prohibited; when working in environments containing this gas during maintenance and operations, it is necessary to wear oxygen supply equipment and gas masks. When symptoms appear, leave the area and go to a well-ventilated place; those with severe poisoning should be taken to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment. c. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a strong, irritating odor; it is heavier than air and tends to accumulate near the ground. This gas is formed when sulfur-containing fuel oils burn, and it is present in high concentrations in flue gases and exhaust gases. Mild exposure to this gas can cause inflammation of the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract or eyes. When its concentration in the air exceeds 20%, it can lead to shortness of breath, vomiting blood, insomnia, and even suffocation and death. Preventive measure: Use oxygen-supplied gas masks. d. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless and toxic gas; at low concentrations in the air it has an odor similar to that of rotten eggs, while higher concentrations can cause paralysis of the olfactory nerves. Inhaling this gas can lead to headaches and emphysema when its concentration in the air reaches 30%. Just a few breaths in can stop breathing, so it is essential to be vigilant and prevent poisoning. In areas where hydrogen sulfide is present, extra caution must be exercised during operations, inspections, and sampling. Before handling the pipeline equipment, a gas mask must be worn before entering the site to work. In the case of toxic gases, those with severe poisoning should be taken to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment