Who can tell me something about the control of surge in air compressors?

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For centrifugal compressors, the various surge points can be approximately determined by experimental methods at different rotational speeds, thereby establishing a surge boundary line. To the right of this line is the normal operating area, and to the left of it is the surge zone. With current technical levels, the surge point and surge line of a compressor can be calculated with considerable accuracy through CFD analysis. In addition to widening the stable operating range during the design of centrifugal compressors, measures such as anti-surge venting and anti-surge backflow can be employed in the process layout and control to prevent surge from occurring during operation. This increases the air intake volume of the compressor. There are roughly four methods to determine whether a centrifugal compressor is experiencing surge: 1. Listen to the airflow noise coming from the compressor’s exhaust pipe. Under normal operating conditions, centrifugal compressors produce low levels of noise that remain steady and continuous. However, when approaching the surge condition, the noise generated by the airflow in the exhaust pipe fluctuates in intensity and changes periodically. When operating in a surge condition, the noise level increases significantly, producing abnormal periodic roaring or hissing sounds, and even bangs. 2. Observe the changes in the compressor outlet pressure and inlet flow rate. When operating under stable conditions, the outlet pressure and inlet flow rate of the compressor change little and in a regular manner, with the measured values fluctuating slightly around the average value. As they approach or enter the surge condition, both experience periodic large fluctuations. 3. For the booster, it is necessary to check whether the change in its compression ratio is normal. 4. Observe the vibration of the housing and bearings. When approaching or entering a surge condition, the housing and bearings experience severe vibration, with amplitudes that are much higher than under normal conditions.

It can be controlled by a check valve, in order to enable the equipment to exit the surge condition as quickly as possible

1. The anti-surge valve can be opened to allow flow to return to the inlet and compensate for the lost flow. 2. The speed of the centrifugal compressor can also be increased

“With current technical levels, through CFD analysis, it is possible to calculate the compressor’s surge point and surge line with considerable accuracy. I major in self-control; please help provide a brief explanation or recommend some reference books.