Use and maintenance of construction machinery during the running-in period

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After construction machinery leaves the factory, there is generally a running-in period of about 60 hours (some are called the run-in period), which is stipulated by the manufacturing factory based on the technical characteristics of the construction machinery in the early stages of use. The running-in period is an important step to ensure the normal operation of construction machinery, reduce the failure rate, and extend its service life. However, at present, some users ignore the special technical requirements of the new machine's running-in period due to a lack of common sense in the use of construction machinery, tight construction schedules, or want to obtain benefits as soon as possible. Some users even believe that the manufacturer has a warranty period anyway, and the manufacturer is responsible for repairing the machine if it breaks down. Therefore, the machine is overloaded for a long time during the running-in period, resulting in frequent early failures of the machine. This not only affects the normal use of the machine and shortens the service life of the machine, but also affects the progress of the project due to machine damage. Therefore, full attention should be paid to the use and maintenance of construction machinery during the running-in period. 1. Characteristics of the running-in period: 1． The wear rate is fast. Due to the influence of factors such as processing, assembly and adjustment of new machine parts, the friction surface is rough, the contact area of ​​the mating surface is small, and the pressure bearing condition of the surface is uneven. During the operation of the machine, the concave and convex parts on the surface of the parts engage and rub against each other, and the metal chips that fall off continue to participate in friction as abrasives, which accelerates the wear of the mating surfaces of the parts. Therefore, parts (especially the mating surfaces) are prone to wear during the running-in period, and the wear rate is high. At this time, if the work is overloaded, it may cause damage to parts and cause early failure. 2． Poor lubrication: Because the fitting clearance of newly assembled parts is small, and due to assembly and other reasons, it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of the fitting clearance. The lubricating oil (grease) is not easy to form a uniform oil film on the friction surface to prevent wear. This reduces the lubrication efficiency and causes early abnormal wear of the machine parts. In severe cases, the friction surface of the precision fit will be scratched or bitten, leading to failure. 3． Looseness occurs in newly processed and assembled parts. There are deviations in geometric shapes and fitting dimensions. In the early stages of use, due to the impact, vibration and other alternating loads, as well as the influence of factors such as heat and deformation, as well as excessive wear and other reasons, the originally fastened parts can easily become loose. 4． Leakage occurs due to the looseness of machine parts, vibration and the influence of heat on the machine. Leakage will occur on the sealing surface of the machine and pipe joints, etc. ； Some casting, processing and other defects are difficult to find during assembly and debugging. However, due to vibration and impact during the operation, such defects are exposed and manifest as oil (water) leakage (seepage). Therefore, leakage is prone to occur during the running-in period. 5. Operational errors are often caused by insufficient understanding of the structure and performance of the machine (especially by new operators), which can easily cause malfunctions or even mechanical accidents due to operating errors. 2. Use and maintenance during the running-in period 1. Since construction machinery is a special vehicle, operators should receive training and guidance from the manufacturer, have a full understanding of the structure and performance of the machine, and obtain certain operating and maintenance experience before operating the machine. The product use and maintenance instructions provided by the manufacturer are essential information for the operator to operate the equipment. Before operating the machine, be sure to read the use and maintenance instructions and perform operations and maintenance according to the requirements of the instructions. 2． Pay attention to the workload during the running-in period. The workload during the running-in period should generally not exceed 80% of the rated workload, and a suitable workload must be arranged to prevent overheating caused by long-term continuous operation of the machine. 3． Pay attention to frequently observing the indications of each instrument. If any abnormality occurs, stop the machine in time to eliminate it. If the cause is not found and the fault is not eliminated, the operation should be stopped. 4． Pay attention to frequently checking the level and quality of lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, coolant, brake fluid and fuel oil (water), and pay attention to checking the sealing of the whole machine. During the inspection, it is found that there is too much oil and water, and the cause should be analyzed. At the same time, the lubrication of each lubrication point should be strengthened. It is recommended that the lubrication points should be filled with grease during each shift during the running-in period (except for special requirements). 5. Keep the machine clean, and adjust and tighten loose parts in a timely manner to prevent loose parts from aggravating wear and tear or causing parts to be lost. 6． After the running-in period is over, the machine should be subject to mandatory maintenance, inspection and adjustment, and attention should be paid to oil replacement. In short, the requirements for use and maintenance of construction machinery during the running-in period can be summarized as follows:: Strengthen training, reduce load, pay attention to inspection, and strengthen lubrication. As long as you pay attention to and implement the maintenance and maintenance of construction machinery during the running-in period as required, the occurrence of early failures will be reduced, the service life will be extended, the operating efficiency will be improved, and the machine will bring you more benefits.