Characteristics and mechanisms of ultrasonic cleaning technology

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Technical principles of ultrasonic cleaning equipment 1. Research on the mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning technology and the development of related equipment, as well as research on ultrasonic cleaning processes and their applications, has a history of nearly 50 years in China, progressing almost in parallel with developments abroad. Before the 1980s, there were few units in China engaged in the development of ultrasonic cleaning technology, both in terms of the research teams involved and those capable of producing such equipment on a significant scale. After the 1980s, and especially starting in the 1990s, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the rapid development of the national economy, and continuous advances in science and technology – particularly the growing demand for advanced manufacturing technologies – research into ultrasonic cleaning technology and the development of related equipment progressed swiftly. As a result, the research teams grew stronger and the number of units involved in this field increased. Ultrasonic cleaning belongs to physical force cleaning and is considered a green cleaning method. If an appropriate cleaning agent is added to the cleaning solution, it becomes a combined cleaning method, resulting in a more effective cleaning effect. Ultrasonic cleaning is the most widely used form of power ultrasound at present, and it is closely related to the development of modern technology and advanced manufacturing processes. Ultrasonic cleaning is a relatively effective method among various chemical, physical, and mechanical cleaning techniques. It is widely used in industrial sectors such as machinery, optics, electronics, light industry, textiles, chemicals, aerospace, shipbuilding, nuclear energy, and medicine. Compared with other cleaning methods, ultrasonic cleaning features a high cleaning efficiency, few residues, short cleaning time, and excellent cleaning results, as shown in Figure 1. As long as the item to be cleaned can be submerged in liquid, ultrasonic waves can clean it. Not limited by the surface shape of the part to be cleaned, such as deep holes, slits, and grooves. All can be cleaned. Since the ultrasonic generator uses class D operating amplification, the transducer achieves high electroacoustic efficiency; as a result, ultrasonic cleaning is efficient and energy-saving. It is a truly high-speed, high-quality cleaning technology that can be easily automated. If a non-ODS cleaning agent is used, it provides an environmentally friendly cleaning effect. Ultrasonic cleaning is effective for objects with high reflectivity such as glass and metal, but it is not suitable for materials with high sound absorption such as textiles, porous foam plastics, and rubber products.