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There are numerous types of steam boilers; let’s take a common, quickly-assembled 4-ton steam boiler as an example. Water is heated in the boiler drum to turn into steam, and heat is generated in the furnace – this is the principle of a steam boiler. When talking about boilers, start with the “pot”. This boiler is a drum-type boiler equipped with water-cooled walls; two return flue tubes are arranged in separate sections on the left and right sides inside the drum, bending back at the front smoke box at the front part of the drum. Between the boiler drum and the lower header, there are downcomers and water-cooled wall tubes, which form the framework of the combustion chamber. There is a steam-water separator at the top of the drum to reduce the amount of water carried away by the steam. The heating surface of the boiler is the lower part of the boiler drum, along with the water-cooled wall tubes and flame tubes. The combustion section consists of a chain grate and a driving mechanism, along with a combustion chamber formed by the boiler body mounted on the grate frame. Surrounded by fire-resistant materials. . Coal is fed in through the coal hopper; a coal gate controls the thickness of the coal layer while sealing off the air at the front. The lower part of the combustion chamber is where the air is blown in; such boilers have high resistance and require forced ventilation. The burned coal ash is discharged at the rear of the grate through an \"elbow iron\" and then sent out of the furnace by an ash discharge device. The flue gas moves from the rear of the boiler, passing through the primary flue tubes in the boiler drum, returning to the rear via the secondary flue tubes, then entering the dust collector to have the ash separated from it, and finally being discharged through the chimney via the exhaust fan. The exhaust fan is not only used to discharge flue gas but is also essential for the boiler to operate under negative pressure. Steam boilers are pressure vessels, and safety devices are necessary. A boiler must be equipped with a water level gauge, pressure gauge, safety valve, and thermometer. It also needs an electric feed water pump that can supply water under pressure, as well as a steam pump that can operate even in the event of a power outage. The water used for boilers must be softened, and water treatment equipment is also required.