Research on the Design of Automated Security Systems

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This post was last edited by hesonchang214 on 2020-6-25 09:04. Research on the Design of Automated Security Systems. Author: Yan Xijun, Northwest Electric Power Design Institute. [Abstract] Through the design of the building intelligence integration system for a hydropower company’s control building, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of automated security systems and outlines the issues that need attention. 【Keywords】 Intelligent building integration system, Building automation system, Communication automation system, Office automation system, Fire protection automation system, Security automation system. Introduction: Since the reform and opening up, increasing attention has been paid to the power industry, and the requirements for its related auxiliary facilities such as production control buildings have also become higher. As a specialty in thermal automation within the power industry, in addition to carrying out automation design for power plants, we have also taken on the task of designing building intelligence integration systems for the control building of a hydroelectric company in order to improve our professional skills. This article focuses on the security automation system as part of such building intelligence integration systems, and it can provide some insights into the intelligent design of future office buildings and information centers in power plants. 1 Project Overview: The Hydropower Company’s dispatch building serves as the operation and management center as well as the command hub for production activities. It is a multi-functional complex that combines functions such as production management, modern office space, a conference center, and a reception area. The main building has 21 floors, a podium level with 3 floors, and 2 underground floors; its height is approximately 82 meters, with a total construction area of around 25,000 square meters. The main functions of this building include: offices, a press release center, an information management center, an archive management center, a telephone and video conference center, communication equipment rooms, a reception center, a restaurant, a multi-functional hall, water supply and drainage equipment rooms, power distribution rooms, refrigeration units rooms, electric boiler rooms, a laundry room, and an underground parking garage. The design of the intelligent building integration system makes use of computer technology, communication technology, control technology, and modern image display technology to integrate various automation systems in a scientific, efficient, and rational manner. It enables comprehensive management of electricity, air conditioning, lighting, water supply and drainage, fire protection, security, transportation equipment, etc., within the building, thereby providing staff with a safe, comfortable, efficient, convenient, and multifunctional environment. The design of the intelligent building integration system includes the following five subsystems: building automation system, communication automation system, office automation system, fire protection automation system, and security automation system. Since the building automation systems, communication automation systems, office automation systems, and fire protection automation systems are basically similar to the conventional designs of ordinary buildings and power plants, they will not be discussed here; this article focuses on the design of security automation systems. 2 Components of the Security Automation System The security automation system consists of five components: an anti-theft alarm system, a closed-circuit television monitoring system, an access control management system, a wireless electronic patrol management system, and a parking lot management system (which includes monitoring devices such as color monitors, long-delay video recorders, image matrix switchers, and image splitters). The automated security monitoring station for safety protection is located in the central control room on the first floor, and from this station it is possible to monitor the building’s automated security system. As an independent subsystem in the design of building intelligence integration systems, the security prevention automation system provides interfaces for connection to such integration systems. Security automation systems utilize bus technology to enable digital two-way communication, with multi-input serial communication buses connecting the various independent field devices such as controllers and sensors. Each field device is intelligent. 3 Functions and System Configuration of the Security Automation System: The security automation system monitors the main passages and important areas of the building through a closed-circuit television surveillance system, and combines this with various anti-theft alarm systems, IC card access control systems, and patrol management systems to ensure the safety of the building. 3.1 Anti-theft alarm system (1) System functions: The anti-theft alarm system is connected to the video surveillance system, sending anti-theft alarm signals to it; when an alarm occurs, the video surveillance system automatically switches the image of the location where the alarm took place to the main monitor. At the same time, the alarm system can be disarmed or armed separately for each zone. Sensors are installed at the building entrances and exits, the stairwell entrances on each floor, the finance department, computer rooms, the archive center, communication rooms, the press conference center, and other locations to enable alarm monitoring. When an alarm is triggered, the audio-visual alarm device is activated; simultaneously, a voice alarm unit is used to simulate a human alarm and notify the police authorities. (2) System configuration: The anti-theft alarm system consists of an alarm controller and alarm sensors. The system consists of infrared and microwave dual detectors as well as a flash alarm; the signals are sent to the security control station, and control devices such as matrix control systems/image splitters and video walls are shared with the television system. 3.2 Closed-Circuit Television Monitoring System (1) System Functions The closed-circuit television monitoring system uses cameras to monitor the entire building, as well as important areas such as entrances and exits on each floor, lobbies, elevators and elevator halls, finance rooms, and machine rooms. It enables 24/7 monitoring or monitored the entrances and passages at specific times. The monitors have a function for recording video footage specifically of those areas, and upon an alarm being triggered, they automatically switch to monitoring that location and start recording. The duty personnel can monitor the building from the central control room via monitors and a video wall. Pinhole cameras are installed in the elevator car to monitor the entire interior of the elevator without affecting its aesthetics. Install cameras in the finance department to monitor operations inside the room. In addition, cameras are also installed at relevant locations on the floors. (2) System configuration: The closed-circuit television monitoring system consists of devices such as a matrix control system/image splitter, a multimedia monitoring host, a long-term video recorder, and a video wall. These devices are all located in the central control room on the first floor. 3.3 Access Control Management System (1) System Functions 1) The smart card integrated access control management system is a multi-functional comprehensive management system that includes various individual functional subsystems. IC card access control systems are installed in areas such as the finance department, computer room, archive center, power distribution room, central control room, and main offices within the building, to record and restrict access for personnel. 2) The access control system uses contactless IC cards, which can be used for multiple purposes; it can also be integrated with the attendance management system, with the access control card reader replacing the attendance card reader. It is used for staff attendance and personnel management, facilitating personnel control while saving costs. 3) The card reading method is contactless; the person holding the card simply moves it quickly near the reader, and the reader detects this movement and sends the information from the card to the controller. The controller checks the validity of the card to decide whether to open the door. The controller is connected to the security workstation via an RS485 interface; real-time monitoring is carried out using this workstation, and commands to open/close doors can be issued from it. It also allows for viewing the status and historical records of all doors, as well as generating reports. At the security workstation in the central control room, it is possible to set the access permissions, time ranges, and holiday restrictions for each card (each person). 4) The system adopts a distributed control approach; the regional controllers have the capability to store data and operate independently, so failures in the management system do not affect the normal operation of each individually operating area. A failure of a single area controller will not affect the normal operation of the entire management system or other areas. 5) The host at the security workstation can download user data to various area controllers; operators can easily modify various types of information on the security workstation and send them to the different control points, while also being able to receive system information from those control points. 6) It enables real-time monitoring of entry and exit records, with real-time alarm functionality for any abnormal opening or closing of the doors. 7) Both the system management software and the area controllers have system passwords to prevent unauthorized operations, and the system keeps detailed records of all actions taken. 8) The system allows for the setting of time zones and periods for entering and leaving, and it enables the planning of various holiday-related permission settings; it provides multiple permission options for each controller. Administrators with the highest privileges have an execution level that allows them to operate all functions of this system. Once a user with any permissions logs in, they can only change their login password; the login username, user name, and execution permissions cannot be changed. 9) The system has different settings and viewing methods; only the top manager can make changes and view the information of all users. Other operators cannot set changes or view other users. 10) Implement grouped and categorized authorization for card management, restricting factors such as the entrance/exit numbers, dates of entry/exit, and time of day. Cards can be reported lost, supplemented, re-registered, registered, and reused. The access permissions for regular working days and holidays can be set arbitrarily. 11) The system is integrated with the anti-theft alarm system and the closed-circuit surveillance system, becoming an integral part of the security monitoring system. (2) System configuration: The access control management system on the workstation operates under Window95/98/NT, supports the TCP/IP protocol, and can be integrated with other systems via Ethernet. The access control system consists of a controller, card reader, electric lock, and IC card, with signals sent to the security workstation. 3.4 Electronic Patrol Management System (1) System Functions: A sensor-based patrol system is used, with patrol card readers installed at the designated patrol locations (on the walls). Security personnel patrol along the specified routes at set times and places. Upon arriving at the patrol location, quickly wave the patrol IC card (contactless) near the reader once; the reader will then send a signal to the control room. If the patrol officer fails to swipe the card within the specified time, or if an emergency arises that prevents them from doing so on time, the security workstation in the control room will record this and issue an alarm to alert the security personnel that there is an abnormal situation that requires an on-site inspection. The electronic patrol management system ensures the implementation of patrol and duty measures in the control building, promptly reports any issues identified during patrols to the central control room, and allows for easy management of patrol records as well as printing of various reports. (3) System configuration: The patrol software system on the workstation runs under Window95/98NT, supports the TCP/IP protocol, and can be integrated with other systems via Ethernet. The patrol management system consists of a patrol card reader and patrol IC cards; the card reader sends the information it reads to the security control station. 3.5 Parking Lot Management System (1) System Functions 1) The parking lot management system installs control stations at the entrances and exits of the garage (where the entrance and exit are combined in this project), enabling unattended, automatic management. 2) Monitor, dispatch, manage, and coordinate the operation of the parking lot management system and its equipment from the safety work station in the central control room on the first floor; parking space information is displayed automatically. The duty officer can control and monitor the parking lot as well as oversee traffic within it from the central control room. And prepare daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly operation reports for the parking lot. 3) A vehicle detector is installed at the entrance in the direction of vehicle entry to detect vehicles; a card reader is used to read and verify the vehicle cards, control the raising and lowering of the barriers, count the number of vehicles, indicate available parking spaces, and communicate with the central control room to coordinate the management of the entire parking lot. 4) Vehicle detectors are installed at the exits to detect vehicles; card readers are used to read and verify vehicle cards, control the raising and lowering of barriers, count the number of vehicles, indicate parking spaces, and communicate with the central control room to coordinate the management of the entire parking lot. 5) Automated management of fees. A charging system can be set up; when there are insufficient parking spaces, the gates at the entrance allow cars to enter and indicate available parking spots. Timing starts once the card reader is used, and charging is automated when the car exits via the same card reader. In addition to automatically charging each car, the billing computer can also automatically tally business accounts on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. The computer of this management system is integrated into the building’s local area network and operates in conjunction with the building’s overall management system. Given that the parking lot is for internal use, the billing system can be removed. If parking space indication is not needed, this system can also be removed. 6) The system is capable of automatically detecting unauthorized entry, exit, or damage to parking lot equipment, issuing alerts to the duty personnel, and preventing vehicles from moving in reverse. (2) System configuration: The parking lot management system includes a computer system for garage management, corresponding management software, as well as various on-site devices such as gate controllers, card readers, vehicle detection sensors (vehicle detectors), and display screens for showing parking space information. It also communicates with the security station, which is equipped with parking management system software. 4 Power supply for the security automation system: The power supply for this system is equipped with two 220VAC UPS units, which serve as backups for each other; the capacity of each unit is 3KVA. Layout of control equipment on the 5th floor: The control equipment for the building is listed in Table 1; other major devices include: 1 set of gate control systems, 1 set of multimedia hosts, 2 sets of time-delay video recorders, 16 color televisions (forming a TV wall), and 20 channel controllers. Table 16. Conclusion: Through the design of the automated security system for the power station control building, it was found that the construction industry has its own set of strict standards, which are much more stringent than those in the power industry. There are numerous standards that must be followed, and the required level of detail in the drawings is high – this level of detail differs significantly from the standards applied in the power industry. For those working in the field of thermal control, the drawings at the preliminary design stage need to have enough detail to enable the preparation of construction drawings and the execution of construction work ； During the construction drawing phase, the requirements of the drawings are needed to arrange materials and carry out project inspections, etc. Systems such as automated security systems require the following information to be provided during the preliminary design stage: (1) the composition, characteristics, and functional requirements of the system; (2) requirements regarding controllers, detectors, cameras, as well as the division of monitoring and detection areas, control functions, display options, and alarm mechanisms; (3) the types and specifications of system equipment, as well as the methods for wiring; (4) the power supply method for the system. In the electrical industry, such drawings are not available until the construction phase, and their level of detail may not meet the requirements of the construction industry. Therefore, to design an automated security system, it is first necessary to study the relevant regulations and standards, so that the design can pass all reviews at each stage. Future power plant office buildings and information centers should be designed to be intelligent; the special requirements of the construction industry must be fully understood and taken into account in the design process, so as to create truly modern buildings and information centers for power plants.