Main technical measures for the prevention and control of accidents in non-ferrous metal smelting

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Common types of accidents in non-ferrous metal smelting include: injuries caused by working in high temperatures, fires and explosions, mechanical injuries, electric shocks, occupational diseases, environmental pollution, and corrosion of metallurgical equipment. 　1. Main technical measures for the prevention and control of injuries caused by working in high-temperature environments: (1) Exclude workers with hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or health issues related to the gastrointestinal system from working in such environments through physical examinations. 　(2) Provide the workers with 0.2% saline solution and supply them with vitamins B1 and C. 　2. Main technical measures for fire and explosion prevention and control Fire and explosions often occur during the smelting of non-ferrous metals. The main measures taken to address this issue include: (1) Conducting risk assessment activities; employees who are in direct contact with or operate/grease gas equipment must master the standard safety procedures for such equipment, pass relevant examinations, and obtain certificates before they can be allowed to work on these tasks. 　(2) Gas analysis must be conducted before performing any work on gas equipment or before igniting the furnace and supplying gas. 　(3) Install barriers to prevent fires or explosions caused by hot metal splashes. 　(4) When working with open flames on gas equipment, fire prevention and extinguishing measures must be in place. Gas-fired equipment that is no longer in use must be thoroughly cleaned. 　3. Main technical measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution (1) Install an exhaust gas absorption tower at the end of the rotary kiln; guide the waste gases into this tower, where they react with mercury to produce crude selenium products, thereby achieving environmental protection and the recovery of valuable elements. 　(2) A chlorine absorption tower is installed; through a ventilation system, the chlorine generated in the anode slime gold extraction process is drawn into the tower, where it is neutralized using an alkaline solution, or the liquid is reused in perchlorate-based gold extraction processes. 　(3) Install a foam dust collection device to purify the gas generated in the small converter. 　(4) Install exhaust systems to remove the harmful gases generated during the electrolytic refining of gold and silver, thereby improving the working environment. An exhaust hood is installed above the gold electrolytic cell to extract the chlorine and hydrogen chloride generated during the gold electrolysis process, which are then absorbed by an alkaline solution. 　4. Main technical measures for the prevention and control of corrosion in metallurgical equipment (1) Select high-quality equipment that is resistant to high temperatures and corrosion. 　(2) Implement systems for major, medium, and minor repairs as well as routine inspections. 　(3) Take anti-corrosion measures. 　(4) Improve the skills of operators and carry out proper equipment maintenance.