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Review of the healthy development of the recycled lead industry How Ma Yonggang seizes the opportunity, improves the level of technology, eliminates environmental pollution and promotes the rapid development of the recycled lead industry is an urgent problem that my country's recycled lead industry currently needs to solve. ——Recycling secondary lead is an indispensable and important part of the sustainable development strategy of the lead industry. First of all, recycling recycled lead can make full use of recycled lead waste, reduce the mining volume of primary lead mines, and extend its mining period. There are 732 lead resource mining areas identified in my country, 61.8% of which have been developed and utilized, and 38.2% of which have not been exploited. Most of them are characterized by low grade, complex mining technical conditions, inconvenient transportation, high investment costs and low benefits. Judging from the future development trend, among the major mines, except for Fankou, Shuikoushan, Dachang, Baiyin, etc., the output is expected to increase, while the output of the other mines will decrease to varying degrees. ； Secondly, recycling secondary lead can save energy. The energy consumption for producing recycled lead is only 25.1% - 31.4% of that of primary lead. The production of recycled lead only needs to be directly recovered from lead waste. It does not need to go through mining, mineral processing and other processes like the production of primary lead, so the production cost is low. It is estimated that the production cost of recycled lead is 38% lower than that of primary lead. Thirdly, recycling secondary lead resources is beneficial to environmental protection. Lead is a metal that is harmful to the environment and human health. If all kinds of lead waste are not recycled, they will become a source of environmental pollution. Especially for waste batteries, only by fully recycling them can we avoid the lead paste and sulfuric acid in them from polluting the environment. It can be seen that in order to protect the environment and ensure the sustainable development of the lead industry, the recycled lead industry must be developed to bring lead metal into a virtuous cycle of production-consumption-regeneration. This is a long-term strategic issue. ——At present, more than 85% of China's recycled lead raw materials come from waste batteries, and 50% of the lead consumed by the battery industry is recycled lead. Therefore, recycling lead from waste batteries occupies a very important position in my country's lead industry. The departments currently engaged in secondary lead waste recycling in my country include:: Material recycling companies in the supply and marketing system, material recycling companies in the material system, recycled lead manufacturers, the battery industry, and a large number of collective and individual waste collectors. The main raw material for recycled lead in my country is waste batteries. About 300,000 tons of waste batteries are produced every year. However, the recycling rate of waste batteries is less than 90%, and the waste of waste battery resources is still very serious. 1994 was a landmark year for the rapid development of recycled lead in my country, with output reaching 95,000 tons that year. Since then, the annual output has been above 100,000 tons, reaching 123,700 tons in 1997, 4.4 times that of 1990, with an average annual growth rate of 20.3%, and the annual output of recycled lead accounts for 20% of the total lead. Around the world, a number of large-scale secondary lead enterprises have emerged, such as Jiangsu Chunxing Alloy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hubei Jinyang Metallurgical Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Feilun Nonferrous Metals Industrial Corporation. Among them, Jiangsu Chunxing Alloy (Group) Co., Ltd., after more than ten years of development, has created original * * The proprietary technology for non-polluting pyrometallurgy of recycled lead with Chinese characteristics confirmed by the Science and Technology Commission has cultivated a group of senior technical and management talents from practice, and has trained talents from the United States, Germany, etc. * * It has introduced the world's most advanced MA21 type crushing and transformation equipment and true reading spectrum quality inspection equipment, and has key environmental protection technologies, processes and equipment such as proprietary short recovery smelting furnaces, refining furnaces, alloy furnaces, and bag dust removal. As assessed by the environmental protection department, the waste gas, waste water, and waste residue have all reached * * emission standards. It established wholly-owned or holding companies in Changshu and Nanjing in Jiangsu, Shunde and Wuchuan in Guangdong and other places. In 1995, it went abroad and successfully established Taizhong Nonferrous Metals International Co., Ltd. in Thailand with an annual output of 30,000 tons of alloy lead. Last year, the domestic annual output of this company and its closely related companies totaled nearly 60,000 tons, accounting for more than 1/3 of the country's total recycled lead. ——Due to historical reasons, there is still a considerable gap between my country's recycled lead industry and foreign countries. The world is developed * * All attach great importance to the recycling of recycled lead. Last year, these * * The annual recycled lead output is 2.846 million tons, and the total lead output is 4.896 million tons. The recycled lead output accounts for 58.13% of the total lead. The total annual lead production in the United States is 1.422 million tons, of which the annual secondary lead production is 1.083 million tons, accounting for 76.2% of the total lead production. ； The proportion of recycled lead production in Germany, France and Sweden all exceeds 50%. my country's recycled lead industry has made significant progress in the past 10 years, and has initially formed an independent industry. The output of recycled lead is growing rapidly. However, at an overall level, recycled lead enterprises are large in number, small in scale, high in energy consumption, heavy in pollution, backward in process technology, and with low metal recycling and comprehensive utilization rates. In particular, my country's legislation lags behind, enterprise production and sales are not standardized, and low-level duplication of construction is serious. Our country has * * There are 300 small secondary lead enterprises, with production capacity ranging from dozens of tons to thousands of tons. There are only a handful of enterprises with more than 20,000 tons. The technology mainly uses traditional smelting processes such as small reverberatory furnaces, blast furnaces and cupola furnaces. Some small businesses and self-employed people even use primitive earthen pots for smelting. Due to backward smelting technology and equipment, the plates and slurry are all mixed, resulting in serious environmental pollution and waste of resources, mainly as follows:: The lead recovery rate is low. The recovery rate abroad is generally 95%, but in my country it is currently only 80% - 85%. About 10,000 tons of lead are lost during the smelting process nationwide every year. ； The comprehensive utilization rate is low. Due to the lack of sorting and processing technology, many companies mix battery plates and slurry, and the alloy component antimony is not fully utilized and becomes waste residue. ； Energy consumption is high, 2-4 times that of foreign countries. The foreign level is 150-200 kg standard coal/ton of lead, while in my country it is 400-600 kg standard coal/ton of lead. ； The pollution is serious. A large amount of lead vapor, lead dust, and sulfur dioxide are produced during the smelting process. The lead content in the waste gas exceeds * * Dozens of times the standard. It can be seen that the development of the recycled lead industry must promote advanced new technology and equipment, and implement a special industry license system. All enterprises engaged in the production of recycled lead must be economical. * * Waste lead-acid battery waste processing and utilization units approved by relevant departments and unlicensed enterprises are prohibited from producing. According to the amount of waste battery resources in my country, the existing production capacity of recycled lead enterprises, and the needs of environmental protection, small recycled lead enterprises with an annual output of less than 8,000 tons should be shut down and transferred. The establishment of the China Nonferrous Metal Processing Association will actively promote the standardization of production and operation and the healthy development of grouping in my country's recycled lead industry.……