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Pump Installation Specifications Chapter 1 General Provisions Chapter 2 Centrifugal Pumps Chapter 3 Deep Well Pumps Chapter 4 Small and Medium-Sized Axial Flow Pumps Chapter 5 Reciprocating Pumps Chapter 6 Other Pumps Chapter 1 General Provisions Article 1 These provisions apply to the installation of the pumps listed in each chapter. Article 2: This section contains the professional technical specifications for pump installation projects. The general technical requirements for installation projects shall be in accordance with the provisions set out in Volume 1 of these specifications, namely the \"General Provisions\". Article 3: Pumps that are not covered in this section and have special requirements shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the equipment’s technical documents. Article 4 The following inspections shall be carried out before the pump is installed ； 1. The basic dimensions, positions, and elevations shall meet the design requirements ； II. The equipment shall have no missing parts, damage, or rust; the pipe end protectors and covers shall be in good condition ； III. The cranking should be smooth, without any obstruction or jamming, and without abnormal noises. Article 5: Parts that have been assembled and fully tested at the time of leaving the factory should not be disassembled arbitrarily. If disassembly is indeed necessary, it should be carried out after consultation with the relevant departments; disassembly and reinstallation must be performed in accordance with the provisions of the equipment’s technical documentation. Article 6: The leveling of pumps shall meet the following requirements: 1. The longitudinal and transverse levelness of horizontal and vertical pumps shall not exceed 0.1/1000 ； During measurement, the processed state should be used as the reference ； II. Small pumps installed as a single unit should not have any significant skew. Article 7: The alignment of the pump shall meet the following requirements: 1. When the driving shaft and the driven shaft are connected by a coupling, the misalignment between the two shafts as well as the gap between the end faces of the two coupling halves shall comply with the specifications stated in the equipment’s technical documents ； If the equipment’s technical documents do not specify otherwise, it shall comply with the provisions in Volume 1 of these specifications, namely the \"General Provisions\" ； II. The driving shaft and the driven shaft are connected by a belt; the degree of non-parallelism between the two shafts and the offset between the two pulleys shall comply with the provisions specified in Volume 1 of these specifications, namely the \"Ventilation Regulations\" ； III. Before connecting the prime mover to the pump (or transmission), the steering of the prime mover should be tested separately first; it should be confirmed to be correct before making the connection ； IV. After aligning and connecting the driving shaft and the driven shaft, turn the machine to check whether it operates smoothly ； V. After the pump is connected to the pipeline, its alignment should be checked again; if there are issues due to the connection to the pipeline, the pipeline should be adjusted. Article 8 The installation of pipelines shall meet the following requirements: 1. The inside of the pipes and their ends must be cleaned thoroughly, with any debris removed ； The sealing surface and threads must not be damaged ； II. The end faces of the interconnected flanges or the axes of the threads should be parallel and aligned; forced connection should not be achieved using flange bolts or pipe fittings ； III. After the pipeline is connected to the pump, no welding or gas cutting should be carried out on it. If welding or gas cutting is necessary, the pipeline must be removed or appropriate measures taken to prevent weld slag from entering the pump and damaging its components ； IV. The configuration of the pipelines should be rechecked in accordance with the reference materials. Article 9 Before starting the pump for testing, the following checks shall be carried out: 1. The rotation direction of the prime mover shall meet the requirements of the pump’s rotation direction ； II. All fastened connections must not be loose ； III. The specifications, quality, and quantity of the lubricating grease shall comply with the requirements specified in the equipment’s technical documents; areas that require pre-lubrication shall be pre-lubricated in accordance with the provisions of those technical documents. IV. The pipelines of auxiliary systems such as lubrication, water sealing, shaft sealing, seal flushing, cooling, heating, hydraulics, and pneumatics should be thoroughly flushed to ensure they remain unobstructed ； V. Safety and protection devices shall be sensitive and reliable. VI. The cranking should be smooth and normal ； VII. Before starting the pump, the inlet and outlet valves of the pump should be in the following open positions: Inlet valve: fully open ； Export valve closed, centrifugal pump fully closed, all other pumps fully open (when the mixed-flow pump is used for vacuum priming, the export valve is fully closed). Article 10: The trial operation of the pump shall be carried out after the trial operation of each separate auxiliary system has been completed successfully. Article 11: The starting and stopping of the pump shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the equipment’s technical documents. Article 12: The pump shall operate continuously at the design load for not less than 2 hours, and shall meet the following requirements: 1. The auxiliary systems shall function properly, and the pressure, flow rate, temperature, and other parameters shall comply with the specifications stated in the equipment’s technical documents ； II. There should be no abnormal noises during operation ； III. All static sealing areas shall not leak ； IV. All fastened connections must not be loose ； V. The temperature of rolling bearings should not exceed 75℃ ； The temperature of the sliding bearing should be above 70℃ ； The temperature of special bearings shall comply with the provisions in the equipment’s technical documents ； VI. The temperature rise of the packing should be normal; under normal circumstances, ordinary soft packing should allow for a slight amount of leakage (no more than 10–20 drops per minute) ； The leakage rate of a mechanical seal should not exceed 10 milliliters per hour (about 3 drops per minute) ； VII. The power of the prime mover or the current of the motor shall not exceed the rated values ； VIII. The safety and protection devices of the pump should be sensitive and reliable ； IX. Vibration shall comply with the provisions of the equipment’s technical documents ； If vibration measurement is required but not specified in the equipment’s technical documents, the provisions in Table V-3.1 may be referred to ； Radial vibration amplitude of the pump (bidirectional) Table 3.1 Rotational speed (rev/min) ≤375 >375–600 >600–750 >750–1000 >1000–1500 >1500–3000 >3000–6000 >6000–12000 >12000 Amplitude shall not exceed (mm) 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.04 Note: Vibration should be measured using a handheld vibration meter on the outer surface of the bearing housing or casing. X. Other special requirements shall comply with the provisions of the equipment technical documents. Article 13: After the trial operation is completed, the following tasks shall be carried out: 1. Close the inlet and outlet valves of the pump as well as the valves of the auxiliary systems ； II. For pumps used to transport media that are prone to crystallization, solidification, or precipitation, it is necessary to rinse the pump and pipelines with clean water or another suitable medium promptly after stopping the pump, in order to prevent blockages ； III. Drain the liquid accumulated in the pump to prevent rust and freezing cracks ； IV. If the pump is to be left idle for an extended period of time, necessary measures should be taken to prevent the equipment from becoming contaminated, corroded, or damaged. Chapter 2 Centrifugal Pumps Article 14 The installation of pumps shall comply not only with the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section but also with the requirements of this chapter. Article 15: Leveling should be carried out by referencing the horizontal mid-surface, the protruding parts of the shaft, and the horizontal machined surface of the base. Article 16: For prime movers without central support, such as steam turbines or pumps used for transporting high-viscosity liquids (such as boiler feed pumps and hot oil pumps), the variation in the position of the axis under operating conditions must be taken into account when performing alignment at normal temperatures. Article 17: Before starting, the cooling water circuit of the balance disc must be unobstructed; the pump and the suction pipeline must be filled with the liquid to be transported, with all air removed. The pump must not be started without liquid present. The suction pipeline of a self-priming pump does not need to be filled with liquid. Article 18: Pumps used for transporting high- and low-temperature liquids must be preheated or pre-cooled in accordance with the specifications outlined in the equipment’s technical documents before starting up. Article 19 Centrifugal pumps shall not be operated for extended periods with the outlet valve fully closed ； It should also not operate at the hump in the performance curve. Article 20: Inspection of the directional jog method for pipeline pumps and other directly coupled pumps (pumps with the motor on the same axis as the pump). Article 21: The direction of rotation of the shielded pump shall be checked using the following method: After the pump is started, if the actual shut-off head of the pump corresponds to the shut-off head specified in the performance curve, it indicates that the direction of rotation is correct ； If the difference is too large, and it is confirmed that it is not caused by residual gas inside the pump (including within the shielded motor), then it indicates an incorrect direction of rotation. Article 22: The installation requirements for the turbine in a pump-turbine unit may be carried out in accordance with the regulations for similar centrifugal pumps. Article 23: During the trial operation of the pump-turbine unit, before the turbine has recovered energy, it is necessary to ensure that the current in the motor is below the rated value to prevent the motor from being overloaded. Chapter 3 Deep Well Pumps Article 24 This chapter applies to the installation of long-shaft deep well pumps and wet submersible electric pumps. Article 25: The installation of pumps shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section, as well as the requirements of this chapter. Article 26: Before the pump is installed, the following inspections shall be carried out: 1. The inner diameter and straightness of the well pipe shall meet the requirements regarding the dimensional specifications of the part of the pump that enters the well ； The inner diameter of the well pipe should generally be about 50 millimeters larger than the maximum external dimensions of the part to be pumped into the well, so that the pump can move up and down freely within the well without damaging the submersible cable ； II. The protrusion of the well pipe outlet above the corresponding plane of the foundation shall not be less than 25 millimeters ； III. A soft isolation layer should be placed between the well pipe and the foundation ； IV. The dimension of the hollow space in the middle of the base should meet the requirements for connecting the water lift pipe to the pump base ； V. There should be no sludge, dirt, or debris inside the well pipe ； VI. The lift pipe should be straight; the threads and flange surfaces must not be damaged, and they should be cleaned thoroughly ； VII. The long-shaft deep well pump shall also undergo the following inspections ； 1. The end face of the pump’s drive shaft should be flat; when the drive shaft is supported at both ends, its radial runout in the middle should not exceed 0.2 millimeters ； The threads should not be damaged and should be cleaned thoroughly ； 2. The bearing brackets and rubber bearings must be in good condition, and the rubber bearings must not be contaminated with grease. VIII. The submersible pump shall also undergo the following inspections: 1. The grooves on the flange used to protect the cable must be free of burrs or sharp edges, and should be cleaned thoroughly ； 2. The electrical connectors should be immersed in water for 6 hours; when measured using a 5000-volt megohmmeter, the insulation resistance should not be less than 5 megohms ； 3. After the motor stator windings are immersed in room-temperature water for 48 hours, the insulation resistance of the casing should be no less than 40 megohms. Article 27: The assembly of pumps shall meet the following requirements. When assembling the pump, the lift pipe, and the drive shaft, they should be gradually lowered into the well after ensuring that all connections are properly tightened; care must be taken to prevent machinery and tools from falling into the well. The cable of the submersible pump should be tied to the lift pipe ； II. When connecting the threaded water lift pipes together, lubricant should be used; hemp fibers or lead paint should not be inserted ； The end face of the pipe should fit against the bearing bracket (for long-axis deep well pumps) or make direct contact, and the depth to which both pipes are screwed into the union should be equal ； For lift pipes connected by flanges, gaskets should be placed between the flange faces ； III. When the pump base, after being connected to the lift pipe, is placed on the foundation, if the well pipe is slightly tilted, the pump base should also be tilted accordingly (do not simply try to level the pump base) ； The gap between the pump base and the foundation should be filled with wedges. IV. Long-shaft deep wells shall also meet the following requirements: 1. When the drive shafts are connected to each other, their end faces should be in close contact, and the depth to which each shaft penetrates into the coupling should be equal ； 2. The motor and the pump base must fit tightly together without any padding in between. If the motor shaft is not aligned with the motor’s hollow shaft, adjustments should be made using inclined shims placed between the pump base and the foundation. V. Submersible pumps must also meet the following requirements: 1. After the pump and motor are assembled, clean water should be poured into the submersible motor by using the motor itself for irrigation ； 2. The depth to which the unit dives underwater should generally not exceed 70 meters; if it is necessary to go deeper than 70 meters, the motor stator windings, cables, and connections must undergo hydrostatic testing. Article 28: Before starting the pump up for trial operation, the following tasks must be completed: 1. Long-shaft deep well pumps ； 1. Adjust the axial clearance between the impeller and the shroud in accordance with the specifications provided in the equipment’s technical documents ； 2. Check whether the stop mechanism is flexible and reliable ； 3. Before startup ； The rubber bearings should be pre-wetted with water in accordance with the specifications in the equipment’s technical documents. II. Submersible electric pumps: 1. To calculate the voltage drop in the cable, it is necessary to ensure that the voltage at the connection point of the cable leading out from the submersible motor is not lower than the specified value for that motor ； 2. Before each start-up, the well’s lift pipes should be filled with air ； 3. Submersible pumps should be used within the specified range. Article 29: 20 minutes after the long-shaft deep well pump is started, it should be stopped to readjust the axial clearance between the impeller and the guide vane. Article 30 For submersible pumps that fail to have their motor rotation direction checked before being lowered into the well, the correct rotation direction of the motor shall be determined based on changes in the starting current. Article 31: The pump shall not be restarted until all the water in the lift pipe has returned to the well; the interval between stopping the pump and restarting it shall comply with the provisions specified in the equipment’s technical documents. Chapter 4: Medium and Small Axial Flow Pumps Article 32: The installation of pumps shall comply not only with the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section but also with the requirements of this chapter. Article 33: The following inspections shall be carried out before the pump is installed: 1. The pump shaft and drive shaft shall not be bent ； If bent, it should be straightened ； II. Rubber bearings should not come into contact with grease ； III. The gap between the outer edge of the impeller and the impeller housing should be uniform, with the deviation not exceeding the values specified in the equipment’s technical documents. Article 34: The inclination angle of the inclined axial flow pump installation shall comply with the provisions in the equipment’s technical documents. Article 35: Before starting the pump up for trial operation, the following tasks must be carried out: 1. Check whether the installation angle of the blades corresponds to the requirements of use; if not, the installation angle of the blades shall be adjusted in accordance with the specifications provided in the equipment’s technical documents ； II. Before starting, pre-wet the rubber bearings with clean water or soapy water until the pump operates properly. Chapter 5 Reciprocating Pumps Article 36 The installation of pumps shall comply not only with the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section but also with the requirements of this chapter. Article 37: Leveling shall be measured with reference to the fuselage slide, bearing seat, exposed shaft parts, or other machined surfaces. Article 38: Safety valves shall have factory-sealed seals and must not be adjusted arbitrarily. Article 39: The installation of diaphragm pumps shall meet the following requirements: 1. Hydraulic diaphragm pumps must be filled with hydraulic oil in accordance with the specifications provided in the equipment’s technical documents, and it must be ensured that there are no gases present in the hydraulic chamber ； II. The two or three valves (safety valve, oil filling valve, and vent valve) are adjusted at the time of manufacture, and generally no further adjustment is required. If they do not function properly or correctly after startup, adjustments can be made while the equipment is in operation. Article 40: During the pump’s trial operation, the pressure should be increased in accordance with the following requirements. The pump should operate without load (with the outlet valve fully open) for at least 15 minutes. It should also operate at 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of the working pressure for at least half an hour each, and finally, it should operate continuously at the working pressure for at least 8 hours. Operation at the next pressure level should not be carried out until the previous pressure level meets the requirements. Article 41: The commissioning shall also meet the following requirements: 1. It shall not be started with the outlet valve fully closed ； II. The intake and exhaust valves should function properly ； III. The safety valves and relief valves must operate in a sensitive and reliable manner ； IV. The operation of the three valves in the diaphragm pump should be sensitive and reliable ； V. The steam pump must not experience \"cylinder collision\" ； VI. The adjustment mechanism of the metering pump should be flexible; where conditions permit, it should be recalibrated in accordance with the \"flow rate–stroke curve\" specified in the equipment’s technical documents ； VII. For metering pumps and other pumps with special requirements regarding leakage, the leakage rate of the packing must comply with the specifications outlined in the equipment’s technical documents ； VIII. The ultra-high pressure pump shall be operated in accordance with the provisions of the equipment’s technical documents. Chapter 6 Three-screw Pumps Article 42 In addition to complying with the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section, the installation of pumps shall also meet the following requirements: 1. The pump shall not be started when there is no liquid present or when the outlet valve is fully closed; the pump must be filled with the liquid to be transported before it is started ； II. When the temperature of the liquid being transported is above 60°C, preheating shall be carried out in accordance with the specifications provided in the equipment’s technical documents ； III. During the trial operation, it is also necessary to check whether the safety valve is sensitive and reliable. Chapter 7 Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Article 43 In addition to following the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section, the installation of the pump shall also meet the following requirements: 1. Before trial operation, clean water shall be poured into the pump chamber; the pump shall be rotated to flush it, and after cleaning, the wastewater shall be drained before pouring in clean water at room temperature ； II. The pump should be started with the intake valve fully closed and the valve allowing air to reach the pump inlet fully open ； III. During the trial operation, it is necessary to check whether the water supply volume and temperature meet the requirements specified in the equipment’s technical documents ； IV. After the trial run is completed, all water accumulated inside the pump should be drained, and then clean water should be poured in for flushing. Chapter 8 Vortex Pumps and Medium and Small Mixed-Flow Pumps Article 44 The installation of pumps shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 1 of this section