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Akzo-Nobel's STARS and NEBULA catalyst technologies Akzo-Nobel of the Netherlands and Ketjen of Japan launch two STAS catalysts: KF 757 and KF 848 are now available for industrial application. KF 848 is a NiMo catalyst used at higher pressures, and KF 757 is a CoMo catalyst used at low to medium pressures. The activity and stability of HDS and HDN of STARS catalyst are 50 to 60% higher than that of the previous generation catalyst. KF 757 is used for ultra-deep desulfurization of distillate oil, and the sulfur content of the product diesel can reach 50 μg/g. The raw material can be straight-run diesel or catalytic diesel, with a sulfur content of 0.8 to 2.0% and a hydrogen partial pressure of 1.5 to 6.5MPa. A refinery applied KF 757 to the hydrotreating of straight-run diesel. Its HDS activity was better than that of KF 756, and the catalyst life was extended from 1 year to 2 years. Another refinery is used to process diesel oil containing a large amount of cracked raw materials, and the activity is also increased by 15 to 20°C. When processing light diesel oil with or without cracking components, KF 757 can produce products with sulfur content of 30 to 50 μg/g. KF 848 is recommended for high-severity HDS where sulfur content can be reduced to less than 10 μg/g. Heavy, high nitrogen-containing raw materials require a high degree of HDN, and KF 848 can also be used as a pretreatment for downstream precious metal catalysts. KF 848 has high HAD (hydrodearomatized), HDS and HDN activities compared to KF 852. KF 757 has been used at BP's Grangermouth Refinery and Clayton Refinery in the UK to produce diesel with a sulfur content of 10 to 20 μg/g. KF 848 is also used in two units to produce very low sulfur diesel. The NEBULA hydrogenation catalyst jointly developed by the above two companies and ExxonMobil is particularly suitable for hydrocracking pretreatment operations and the production of ultra-low sulfur diesel under high hydrogen partial pressure. Compared with other catalyst systems, NEBULA catalyst has high hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrification and hydrodearomatization activities. NEBULA-1 has good selectivity for converting extremely difficult-to-crack sulfides (such as sterically hindered substituted thiofluorene), so it can desulfurize high-sulfur LGO and LCO fractions to a level of 10 μg/g in a one-step process. Refineries can reach a sulfur level of 5 μg/g from devices designed to produce products containing 350 to 500 μg/g sulfur without adding new reactors. This technology has been promoted to industrial application in 2001. The catalyst developed by Nippon Shokubo Chemicals Corporation and Japan Materials and Chemical Research Institute is composed of platinum, palladium, ytterbium and other metals supported on a molecular sieve carrier. Can operate under conditions similar to conventional nickel-based catalysts, provided that: About 300℃ and 5MPa. It can reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel to 10-20μg/g. The catalyst costs several times more than nickel-based catalysts, but has a longer service life. Japan's Orient Catalyst Company has also developed a dual catalyst system for diesel desulfurization, which can reduce the sulfur content of diesel to less than 50 μg/g. One is a CoMo catalyst with alumina as a support, which treats organic sulfides such as alkyl sulfides, mercaptans and alkyl polysulfides. The other is a NiMo catalyst with alumina as a carrier, which can decompose and remove sulfur from polycyclic compounds such as alkyl dibenzothiophenes. It can be operated under conventional reaction conditions (340~370℃ and 5~7MPa). Axens develops new catalyst for hydrotreating Axens develops new series of hydrotreating catalysts: HR400。 These catalysts have high activity and maintain good stability when producing ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). HR406 is a cobalt-molybdenum (CoMo) catalyst, which is especially suitable for moderate working conditions, such as desulfurization of naphtha or kerosene. It has high desulfurization activity for very light to light feed materials. HR426 is a CoMo catalyst containing additives and is used to produce ULSD. It is suitable for straight-run gas oil (SRGO) or a mixture of SRGO and certain pyrolysis fractions to reduce the sulfur content to less than 10 μg/g. The catalyst can also desulfurize alkyl dibenzothiophenes. Suitable for low or medium pressure installations with long residence times. Can minimize hydrogen consumption. HR448 is a NiMo catalyst containing additives, which has high hydrogenation activity and high desulfurization rate. Difficult to process feed materials can be processed under high pressure. The feed may be a heavy feed with high nitrogen content and/or high cracking material content. This catalyst system combines high desulfurization and denitrification activities. HR468 can replace HR426 CoMo or HR448 NiMo catalyst. It can be used for deep or ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel fuel. The high hydrogenation activity allows it to flexibly handle difficult-to-process feeds and can also be used in low-pressure units to pretreat FCC feeds.