Reasons for side reactions in benzene nitration
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Why are phenols produced when benzene reacts with mixed acids? Seek help from experts!
There is originally a sulfonation method for producing phenol, so it is quite normal for phenol to be generated during the nitration process.
C6H6 + 3 HNO3 = C6H3(NO2)2OH + 2H2O + HNO2. Nitric acid; DiNitroPhenol***phenol; Water; Nitrous acid. This phenomenon is likely caused by molecular rearrangements that occur during the nitration of benzene.
Among the side reactions, is there more ***phenol or more ***benzene phenol? And what is the form of ***benzene phenol (ortho, meta, para)? This post was last edited by hchcwan on 2008-2-20 13:43]
What is a Bartge complex? Is it C6H5CH3•2ONOSO3H•3H2SO3?
It should be the meta position; the nitro group is a strong electron-withdrawing group
***Further nitration mainly produces m-***benzene: *** + fuming nitric acid + sulfuric acid at 100°C → m-***benzene + o-***benzene + p-***benzene (93%) (6%) (1%)
During the nitration process, sulfonation occurs first with sulfuric acid, and then phenol is produced through alkaline washing at higher temperatures