concentrated sulfuric acid
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What is the freezing point of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid in °C? Why is anti-freezing necessary for high-flow rates in winter? And since 93% of sulfuric acid has a high water content, isn’t there any need for anti-freezing measures in winter? What is the freezing point of 93% sulfuric acid in °C? What is the relationship between the freezing point of sulfuric acid and its concentration? Who can provide this relationship curve graph? I am deeply grateful! ! !
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H2SO4 (concentrated) %: 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92; Freezing point (°C): +8.3, +7.9, +6.6, +4.0, +0.5, –4.2, –10.2, –17.3, –25.6. H2SO4 (concentrated) %: 93, 93.3, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100; Freezing point (°C): –35.0, –37.8, –30.8, –21.8, –13.6, –6.3, +0.1, –5.7, +10.45. Values for reference in processing
Chemical formula: H2SO4•XSO3. It has a strongly irritating odor, is highly hygroscopic, and releases a large amount of heat when mixed with water, which can lead to explosions. A high freezing point facilitates the precipitation of a solid phase. It is more dangerous than ordinary sulfuric acid in terms of corrosivity and oxidizing power, and inhaling its vapors is harmful to the human body. You can determine the freezing point by checking the charts. Since the freezing point of 98% acid is higher than that of 93% acid, it freezes more easily, especially in winter; therefore, in northern regions, 93% acid is generally produced only during winter. Freezing of pipelines can be very dangerous. If 98% acid is to be produced, steam heating is required. It is recommended to refer to the book on sulfuric acid edited by Mr. Tang Guihua, published in 1999 by the Chemical Industry Press