On the design of gas and natural gas burners
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There is considerable contact with industrial furnace burners, but it mainly involves tasks such as on-site testing. However, very little is known about the initial structural design of the burner itself. I would like to share my understanding; please offer your guidance. When designing burners, the structural parameters are generally determined under standard conditions, such as the diameters of the air and gas pipelines; the operating pressure is determined by calculating the resistance under operating conditions, and adjustments and optimizations are carried out through hot-state tests. But for things such as the air velocity in front of the burner, the exhaust velocity of gas from the nozzle, and the selection of nozzle size, is it mainly based on experience or on specific parameters? I’ve read some books recently, and there are various opinions regarding things like nozzle diameter and ejection speed, with inconsistent results, which leaves me puzzled. Therefore, I would like to ask the experts: in the design of industrial furnace burners, what are the main criteria for selecting certain parameters, such as the jet velocity, nozzle diameter, and the determination of the nozzle resistance coefficient?
It is recommended to read the book “Tubular Heating Furnaces”; it is available on this forum. The above provides a relatively detailed description of the burner design. Currently, there are differences between the hot-state tests conducted in factories using burners in China’s petrochemical industry and their actual use by end-users. In particular, the changes in the properties of the fuel used by users, as well as any variations during verification, differ significantly from those under design conditions, which makes it difficult to achieve ideal results in burner design. Generally, the velocity of the nozzle should not exceed the critical velocity of the mixed fuel gas; the diameter of the nozzle can be calculated based on parameters such as the calorific value and molecular weight of the gas
A monograph of this kind was once published in China, titled \"Burners\", issued by the Technical Center of the Chemical Industry Ministry. It is the most authoritative work I have seen, providing a comprehensive explanation of burner design. Other works, such as those on tubular heating furnaces and fuel/gas boilers, are simply not comparable to him. Furthermore, the translation of the former Soviet Union’s “Gas Design Manual” is also more comprehensive than the above two books.
A few years ago, burner design was primarily based on experimental science; through a series of hot and cold tests, various parameters were obtained to serve as empirical data for design purposes. The burner design mainly takes into account factors such as the spray velocity and spray angle. The nozzle diameter is determined based on the ejection speed. The principle is basically the Bernoulli equation: the dynamic pressure head at the outlet + the frictional losses along the flow path = the dynamic pressure head at the burner inlet + the static pressure at the inlet. The spray velocity varies among different types of nozzles. Now, simulations using software such as Fluent are also available, and the results are good.
I’m new to this industry, and I’d like to know which factories produce high-quality steel burners I hope everyone can give me some advice! :D
Where can I find the book “Burners”?
When the manufacturer comes to do the adjustments, they only measure the pressure of the gas and the pressure of air at the burner!
Our company uses regenerative burners in heating furnaces in the metallurgy and machinery industries. I’m wondering whether regenerative burners are also used in tubular heating furnaces in the chemical industry
The Kellogg 101B burner that uses natural gas is extremely simple to use; it costs 3,200 yuan (at the price in 2006). No one cares about the cost for the company, so go ahead and use it.