Thread Content
China’s engineering survey industry has evolved from a single form of surveying to encompass five areas: geotechnical surveying, geotechnical design, geotechnical monitoring and testing, geotechnical treatment, geotechnical supervision, and geotechnical consulting. The introduction of advanced technologies into the field of pipeline engineering survey in China is an inevitable outcome of societal development. In particular, the advancement of satellite remote sensing technology, digital photogrammetry, laser scanning surveying techniques, new types of geophysical exploration methods, in-situ testing and drilling techniques, geological hazard assessment methods, seismic safety assessment techniques, as well as the development and application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for pipelines, and engineering solutions for special types of soil and rock, will have a profound impact on the development of pipeline engineering survey techniques and on the construction of pipeline projects. (1) Satellite remote sensing technology: By studying the various geomorphic features such as basins, plateaus, mountains, swamps, plains, rivers, and lakes as reflected in remote sensing images, the most appropriate route plan can be determined, thereby enabling overall control over the complex and changing geographical environment throughout the entire journey. High-precision topographic maps at large scales of 1:50,000, 1:20,000, and even 1:10,000 can be provided. (II) Topographic surveying techniques The development of topographic surveying techniques includes total station digital mapping, photogrammetry, laser scanning surveying, and underwater surveying. The surveying systems currently used in China include total station electronic planimetry systems and total station digital mapping systems. In engineering surveying, when the area to be surveyed is large or the conditions in the survey area are extremely difficult, applying photogrammetric techniques for topographic mapping is a suitable method. Laser scanning surveying systems have recently received widespread attention and seen rapid development. (III) Engineering geophysics, in-situ testing, and engineering drilling technologies Engineering geophysics is a non-destructive detection technique characterized by high sampling density, fast speed, low cost, high technological content, and a wide range of application areas. The use of trenchless directional drilling methods requires stringent geological conditions. Therefore, geotechnical investigation is extremely important.