Summary of downstream products in coal chemical industry
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Taking advantage of the free time at noon, I’ll take a moment to summarize. Let’s not discuss gasification equipment or technical issues; if you’re interested in gasification, you can take a look at my PP on the topic – it should be quite detailed. Here, we will simply list the main chemical products that can be synthesized from syngas. I hope those more experienced among you can point out any mistakes. 1. Syngas is used to produce ammonia, urea, etc. through nitrogen supplementation and shift synthesis ； 2. Syngas F-T synthesis for the one-step production of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc ； 3. Catalytic production of methanol from syngas 1) Acetic acid is produced via the carbonylation of methanol, which is then further used to manufacture vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, etc ； 2) Methanol is oxidized to produce formaldehyde, which is then used to manufacture organic materials such as phenol-formaldehyde resin ； 3) Synthesis from methanol and isobutylene to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) ； 4) Methanol is synthesized with CO to produce methyl formate, which is then used to manufacture formic acid ； 5) Methanol, CO, and O2 are used to produce methyl oxalate; methyl oxalate can further be used to produce oxalic acid, as well as ethylene glycol ； 6) Methanol homologation to produce ethanol, intramolecular dehydration of ethanol to produce ethylene (indirect method for producing olefins) ； 7) Preparation of dimethyl ether by methanol dehydration ； 4. Production of dimethyl ether via the direct synthesis gas method, conversion of dimethyl ether into C2-C4 olefins, or conversion of dimethyl ether into gasoline or diesel ； 5. Direct synthesis of C2-C4 olefins from syngas in one step ； 6. Ethylene glycol is produced via carbonyl coupling of syngas, and ethylene glycol is further used to manufacture polyesters, resins, fibers, antifreezes, **, etc ； 7. Syngas is converted into aldehydes through hydroformylation; these aldehydes are further processed into alcohols, which are then used to produce solvents, plasticizers, surfactants, and other substances ； 8. Direct one-step synthesis of low-carbon mixed alcohols from syngas ； 9. Methane production via methanol methanation. ;P Last edited by chivine on 2008-2-26 14:41 ]
The summary is quite simple; every detail of it is being worked on by a large number of researchers from various research institutes, design agencies, universities, and laboratories. The most successful method at present is the production of methanol from syngas, which is then used to manufacture other substances. In my opinion, the coal chemical industry is currently in its infancy, and its development direction should be to completely replace the petrochemical industry; this will become a reality in the near future. :victory: :victory:
Using gasification to produce olefins is a good approach for gasification: lol
The summary is really insightful; it would be even better if it also specified which technology is involved. Great job!
It’s a good summary; it would be better if gasification technology were linked to the products, and it would be even perfect if comparisons were added
My skills are limited, so it’s difficult for me to go that detailed. As for coal-based olefins, there are currently a few companies with advanced technology, but industrialization has not yet taken place in any of these cases. One is Luqi’s; it’s relatively the earliest and most mature option, though still relative to others. The 800,000-ton per year olefin production facility in Yulin, Shaanxi is planned to use its technology ； The Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is said to have catalysts whose efficiency is several times or even dozens of times higher than that of foreign technologies. As for the pilot tests carried out by Shanxi Lu’an Group, it seems that the technology was transferred to Lu’an as well ； At the Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, it seems that Group 602 or some other group is working on it; it seems to be related to the pilot project carried out by Yuntianhua. It’s been too long, so I’m not quite sure. :L
Boss, you could just say that they are synthetic products of methanol and C2 polyunsaturated hydrocarbons – I’m confused... But still, thanks to you. Since you’ve written so much, it would be perfect if you could also list the manufacturers of the process packages for each product:hug:
Could this expert please provide a brief overview of the process for producing olefins from coal, as well as the points where online analysis is carried out? I would like to know the location of each analysis point, its purpose, the components that are measured, and the background gas used. Thank you very much in advance
All the information is wrong; I don’t know where the news from the 6th floor came from
The process of producing dimethyl ether directly from syngas still needs further development; although there are operational pilot plants, its energy consumption is high, and new catalysts need to be developed. Methanol to dimethyl ether is a project that is being constructed frequently in China at present, and it is worth promoting both as a fuel for vehicles and for domestic use. In addition, domestic MTG and MTO projects are also under construction. Such as the Shenhua Ningmei Olefins Project and the Jinmei 100,000-ton MTG Project.
Syngas can be used to produce synthetic ammonia and methanol. Methanol has a very long chain of downstream products; it can be oxidized to formaldehyde, and formaldehyde can then be condensed or combined to produce phenol, acetaldehyde, and other products as well.
Does anyone know how to synthesize potassium formate code?
1) Syngas is used to produce hydrogen through decarboxylation via the shift reaction or re-methanation of diols (with CO+CO2 levels below 25 ppm). Hydrogen and nitrogen are combined under high temperature and pressure in the presence of a molten iron catalyst (or a ruthenium-supported catalyst) to produce ammonia; this ammonia then reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbonate and urea (for industrial use).
2) Under the action of precipitated iron, molten iron, or cobalt-supported catalysts, syngas undergoes the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to produce hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are further refined and modified to yield high-quality products with very low sulfur and nitrogen content, such as liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel, naphtha, low-carbon olefins, and high-melting-point waxes (for industrial use).
3) Syngas (with a H2/CO2 or CO+CO2 ratio of 2.0–2.05) is converted into methanol using copper-zinc-aluminum catalysts (for industrial use).
4) Pure carbon monoxide is extracted from the syngas produced by coal gasification; this carbon monoxide then reacts with methanol in the presence of a homogeneous Rh catalyst to form acetic acid (for industrial use by companies such as BP, Celanes, and Yankuang).
5) Methanol is converted into formaldehyde using iron-molybdenum catalysts or silver catalysts (for industrial use).
6) Methanol reacts with carbon monoxide in the presence of sodium methoxide catalysts to form formic acid (for industrial use).
7) Methanol reacts with NO and O2 to form methyl nitrite; CO reacts with methyl nitrite to produce dimethyl oxalate or dimethyl carbonate, which is then converted into ethylene glycol through catalytic hydrogenation (currently under industrial demonstration by Ube in Japan).
8) Methanol is dehydrated to form dimethyl ether using solid or liquid acids (for industrial use).
9) Syngas is converted into dimethyl ether in a single step using bifunctional catalysts; reactors used include fixed-bed and slurry-bed types.
10) Syngas can be used to produce low-carbon olefins under the action of catalysts, but methane inhibition remains an issue.
11) Ethylene glycol can be produced directly through the coupling of syngas.
12) Propylene and syngas are used in a formylation reaction to produce butyl and octyl alcohols (for industrial use).
13) Low-carbon mixed alcohols can be produced directly from syngas.
14) Methane can be produced from syngas using nickel catalysts (for industrial use).
This post was last edited by catsina on 2008-4-11 at 13:53
2) Under the action of precipitated iron, molten iron, or cobalt-supported catalysts, syngas undergoes the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to produce hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are further refined and modified to yield high-quality products with very low sulfur and nitrogen content, such as liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel, naphtha, low-carbon olefins, and high-melting-point waxes (for industrial use).
3) Syngas (with a H2/CO2 or CO+CO2 ratio of 2.0–2.05) is converted into methanol using copper-zinc-aluminum catalysts (for industrial use).
4) Pure carbon monoxide is extracted from the syngas produced by coal gasification; this carbon monoxide then reacts with methanol in the presence of a homogeneous Rh catalyst to form acetic acid (for industrial use by companies such as BP, Celanes, and Yankuang).
5) Methanol is converted into formaldehyde using iron-molybdenum catalysts or silver catalysts (for industrial use).
6) Methanol reacts with carbon monoxide in the presence of sodium methoxide catalysts to form formic acid (for industrial use).
7) Methanol reacts with NO and O2 to form methyl nitrite; CO reacts with methyl nitrite to produce dimethyl oxalate or dimethyl carbonate, which is then converted into ethylene glycol through catalytic hydrogenation (currently under industrial demonstration by Ube in Japan).
8) Methanol is dehydrated to form dimethyl ether using solid or liquid acids (for industrial use).
9) Syngas is converted into dimethyl ether in a single step using bifunctional catalysts; reactors used include fixed-bed and slurry-bed types.
10) Syngas can be used to produce low-carbon olefins under the action of catalysts, but methane inhibition remains an issue.
11) Ethylene glycol can be produced directly through the coupling of syngas.
12) Propylene and syngas are used in a formylation reaction to produce butyl and octyl alcohols (for industrial use).
13) Low-carbon mixed alcohols can be produced directly from syngas.
14) Methane can be produced from syngas using nickel catalysts (for industrial use).
This post was last edited by catsina on 2008-4-11 at 13:53
Luchi’s coal-to-olefins technology: syngas – methanol – methanol/dimethyl ether – fixed-bed/ZSM-5 catalysts – propylene, etc. (after recycling, propylene accounts for around 71%); the project in Yulin, Shaanxi, is likely to be a Shenhua project, and discussions are ongoing with Dow to introduce its MTO technology； Luchi Technology is currently building commercial demonstration units at Ningxia Coal and Datang Power. UOP’s coal-to-olefins technology: syngas – methanol – … – fluidized bed/SAPO-34 catalyst – olefins (with ethylene and propylene in a 1:1 ratio); this technology has been demonstrated commercially in Nigeria. Coal-to-olefins technology at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences: The catalysts are said to be inexpensive; it is a MTO technology based on fluidized bed technology, and it is currently being demonstrated at the Shenhua plant in Baotou. Zhongke Synthetic Oil Technology Co., Ltd. (originally the technology division of Shanxi Coal Chemical Research Institute, which later became a company): FTO synthesis technology (converting syngas into hydrocarbons); this technology is used in the 160,000 tons per year synthetic oil production facilities built by Lu’an and Yitai ； The technology of Group 602 at the Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is likely the Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) technology; it has already been tested on a pilot scale by Yunnan Jiehua Group, with a capacity of 3,500 tons per year. Dude, we can keep exchanging ideas!
I don’t know what my friend does, but such detailed information – impressive! The first phase of Yulin Energy and Chemical Company, owned by Yankuang Group in Yulin, Shaanxi, with a production capacity of 600,000 tons of methanol per year, is expected to go into operation in July this year. The second phase will expand production to 2.4 million tons of methanol, after which 800,000 tons of olefins will be produced, with Lurgi’s technology initially chosen for this purpose. The coal mine purchased by Yankuang in partnership with CP Group in Yulin is the Yushuwan Coal Mine, from which the coal is transported directly via conveyor belts to Yulin Energy Chemicals. That’s all I know; I’m ashamed!
I had heard earlier that Yankuang’s project in Yulin was set to focus on olefins; now I understand!
I used to work at the Coal Chemistry Institute; the situation there in recent years isn’t very clear either!
Yanzhou Coal Mine has at least two projects in Yulin: one for methanol production and the other for coal-to-oil conversion
Yes, but the coal-to-oil project **has not yet received official approval; only the location for construction has been chosen!**
Currently, at Yankuang Yulin Energy Chemicals, there is only one office for coal-to-oil projects; the office is empty and no one works there. Yankuang’s coal-to-oil project **was approved after all; the first batch of approvals was granted to just three companies, and no further approvals were given thereafter.** Yankuang Yulin Energy Chemical will start coal-to-oil production only after the completion of phase two. The initial plan for coal-to-oil production involves using the facilities at Yulin Energy Chemical for preliminary preparations; once construction begins, a dedicated coal-to-oil company will be established. It seems that the environmental impact assessment and other procedures for the second phase of Yulin Nenghua have been completed, and it is now awaiting approval from the group.
Currently, at Yankuang Yulin Energy Chemicals, there is only one office for coal-to-oil projects; the office is empty and no one works there. Yankuang’s coal-to-oil project **was approved after all; the first batch of approvals was granted to just three companies, and no further approvals were given thereafter.** Yankuang Yulin Energy Chemical will start coal-to-oil production only after the completion of phase two. The initial plan for coal-to-oil production involves using the facilities at Yulin Energy Chemical for preliminary preparations; once construction begins, a dedicated coal-to-oil company will be established. It seems that the environmental impact assessment and other procedures for the second phase of Yulin Nenghua have been completed, and it is now awaiting approval from the group.