Would like to learn about the design process for pressure vessels or heat exchangers?
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For example, if I am to design a heat exchanger, how are the design parameters ultimately determined? Should it include conventional strength design, tube sheet stress analysis, tube bundle vibration analysis, and load stress analysis of the nozzles? How can finite element stress analysis be carried out on the tube sheet? Is 3D modeling required? I am very interested in this area and hope that my classmates can offer some guidance! !
Following 151 and the corresponding standards should be sufficient; no models have been created yet. Please give me some advice.
The design parameters are determined based on the type of medium and the operating conditions of that medium (temperature, pressure), taking into account performance requirements such as volume, heat exchange area, lifespan, and corrosion margin. Using these parameters, materials are selected, the equipment structure is determined, strength calculations are performed, and thermal calculations are carried out if necessary. Factors such as manufacturing and procurement should also be considered when completing the design. For the calculation of tube sheets that fall outside the scope of the methods specified in GB151, stress analysis should be conducted (either for special-shaped tube sheets). It is not necessary to create a 3D model, but the structural data are in 3D format (x, y, z). The analysis of tube bundle vibration commonly uses methods whose approach to whether verification should be carried out according to Appendix 151 can be determined empirically. The pipes of ordinary equipment meet the requirements and no stress analysis is necessary; however, compensation should be considered from a structural perspective, such as by appropriately thickening the connections to the safety valves
Based on the operating conditions, determine which type of heat exchanger to use, select the materials, perform heat transfer calculations, and determine the design temperature and design pressure for strength calculations. It is recommended to use software for calculations; manual calculation is very troublesome and not necessarily accurate. HTFS is used for heat transfer calculations, and SW6 is used for strength calculations. If you are a beginner, you must perform the calculations by hand several times to understand the process and how to choose the various parameters. Once you’re familiar with it, use software for calculations to improve efficiency!
3D modeling is mainly used in the development of new products, or for structural designs for which there are no existing precedents. Theoretically, 3D modeling along with finite element analysis allows for more precise determination of product dimensions and heat transfer parameters, but it takes longer to complete. Generally speaking, it is sufficient for the designed heat exchangers to meet engineering error standards; there is no need to go to such lengths. However, it seems that abroad, finite element analysis and heat transfer simulations are already widely used. It is less commonly used domestically