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Source: Technical Library http://yunrun.com.cn/tech/ Which enterprises need to implement safety instrumented systems? What kind of systems do businesses need? Reference 1: **Guiding Opinions of the State Administration for Work Safety on Strengthening the Management of Safety Instrumented Systems in the Chemical Industry** ◆ Article 12: As of January 1, 2016, large-scale chemical enterprises, as well as those owned or jointly operated by foreign investors that meet the relevant criteria, when constructing new chemical plants and hazardous chemical storage facilities that fall under the category of “two key areas and one major hazard,” must design safety instrumented systems that comply with relevant standards, in accordance with the requirements of these guiding opinions. ◆Article 13: As of January 1, 2018, all newly constructed chemical processing units and hazardous chemical storage facilities related to the \"two key areas and one major project\" must be designed with safety instrument systems that meet the required standards. For the safety instrument systems of other newly built chemical processing units and hazardous chemical storage facilities, starting from January 1, 2020, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of functional safety standards and design safety instrument systems that meet those requirements. Interpretation: Both requirements mention “two key points and one major issue”. So what are “two key points and one major issue”? ◆Two key points: “The first key point” is: the hazardous chemical processes that require close supervision ； “The second focus is: the list of hazardous chemicals that are subject to strict supervision. For details, see the \"Notice of the State Administration of Work Safety on Publishing the List of the Second Batch of Hazardous Chemical Processes Subject to Intensive Supervision and Adjusting Some Typical Processes Among the First Batch of Such Processes\" (Safety Supervision General Administration Document No. San 3). A major hazard refers to a major source of danger related to hazardous chemicals. For details, see: \"Identification of Major Hazard Sources for Hazardous Chemicals\", GB 18218-2018, which came into effect on March 1, 2019. Source 2: The State Administration for Work Safety issued the \"Criteria for Identifying Major Potential Hazards in Production Safety Incidents in Chemical and Hazardous Chemicals Production and Operation Units (Trial)\" (hereinafter referred to as the \"Criteria\"). Article 4 states that facilities involving hazardous chemical processes that are under strict supervision do not have automated control systems; the systems lack emergency shutdown functions, and the automated control systems and emergency shutdown systems installed are not in use. ①There is no automated control system (BPCS) such as DCS or PLC. ② The system does not have an emergency shutdown function (SIS/ESD). ③ BPCS and SIS are installed, but they are not in use for various reasons. According to Document No. 387 issued by the General Administration of Work Safety, titled \"Notice on Carrying Out a Special Campaign to Improve the Inherent Safety Level in the Field of Hazardous Chemicals,\" the work objectives state that: \"The automation control systems of chemical plants involving key hazardous chemical processes, as well as those used for the production and storage of key hazardous chemicals, as well as major hazard sources (collectively referred to as ‘two key areas and one major hazard’), shall be fully upgraded, thereby significantly improving their inherent safety level.\" ； Conduct safety design diagnostics on operational chemical plants that lack proper design to completely eliminate potential safety design flaws.